眼和其附属器的自然杀伤细胞／T细胞淋巴瘤

目的:回顾8例患者眼和(或)其附属器的自然杀伤细胞/T细胞淋巴瘤(NKTL)的临床、放射影像和组织病理特点,描述这些患者对不同治疗策略的反应。设计:回顾性观察病例系列研究。受试者:8例1999—2005年确诊的眼和(或)其附属器NKTL患者(5例男性,3例女性)。平均年龄45岁(极差16～65)。     

全球195个国家18亿青少年健康调查:慢病占青少年疾病负担一半以上,是青年人健康状况每况愈下的主因

正一项针对全球195个国家的18亿10-24岁的青少年健康状况的调查研究显示,这些年轻人正面临比25年前更大的健康挑战。文章称,目前的10～24岁的人口是有史以来最多的,截至2016年达到18亿,印度和中国拥有全球三分之一的青少年(6.22亿)。印度青少年人口增长了40%,然而,中国青少年人口从1990年的3.52亿减少到2016年的2.53亿。2016年青少年的DALYs为2.53亿,非传染性疾病(NCD)占青少年疾病负担的56%(1.42亿),NCD是所有国家青年人健康状况每况愈下的主要     

Quantifying the risks and benefits of efavirenz use in HIV‐infected women of childbearing age in the USA

Objectives

The aim of the study was to quantify the benefits (life expectancy gains) and risks (efavirenz‐related teratogenicity) associated with using efavirenz in HIV‐infected women of childbearing age in the USA.

Methods

We used data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study in an HIV disease simulation model to estimate life expectancy in women who receive an efavirenz‐based initial antiretroviral regimen compared with those who delay efavirenz use and receive a boosted protease inhibitor‐based initial regimen. To estimate excess risk of teratogenic events with and without efavirenz exposure per 100 000 women, we incorporated literature‐based rates of pregnancy, live births, and teratogenic events into a decision analytic model. We assumed a teratogenicity risk of 2.90 events/100 live births in women exposed to efavirenz during pregnancy and 2.68/100 live births in unexposed women.

Results

Survival for HIV‐infected women who received an efavirenz‐based initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen was 0.89 years greater than for women receiving non‐efavirenz‐based initial therapy (28.91 vs. 28.02 years). The rate of teratogenic events was 77.26/100 000 exposed women, compared with 72.46/100 000 unexposed women. Survival estimates were sensitive to variations in treatment efficacy and AIDS‐related mortality. Estimates of excess teratogenic events were most sensitive to pregnancy rates and number of teratogenic events/100 live births in efavirenz‐exposed women.

Conclusions

Use of non‐efavirenz‐based initial ART in HIV‐infected women of childbearing age may reduce life expectancy gains from antiretroviral treatment, but may also prevent teratogenic events. Decision‐making regarding efavirenz use presents a trade‐off between these two risks; this study can inform discussions between patients and health care providers.     

前列腺素E2干预后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞的迁移

背景:细胞迁移是组织损伤后修复过程中的重要环节之一,但是膝关节交叉韧带损伤后局部产生的细胞因子前列腺素E2对后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞迁移的影响尚未见报道。目的:在后交叉韧带成纤维细胞与滑膜细胞单培养和共培养的条件下,研究前列腺素E2对此2种细胞迁移的影响。方法:体外培养人后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞,分别进行2种细胞的单培养和Transwell共培养,并用质量浓度10μg/L的前列腺素E2干预。比较单培养和共培养下细胞生长状态;细胞划痕试验检测24h时细胞的迁移率。结果与结论:共培养使后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞的迁移率较单培养增高128%和48%。前列腺素E2分别使单培养下后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞的迁移率降低了28%和14%;使共培养下细胞的迁移率较相应的共培养组未处理细胞下降37%和24%。证实,在前列腺素E2的刺激下,后交叉韧带成纤维细胞和滑膜细胞迁移率均明显降低,尤其对共培养下后交叉韧带成纤维细胞迁移率的抑制更显著。     

世界胃肠病学组织全球指南——发展中国家幽门螺杆菌感染

世界上有一半人口感染幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）,其感染率因地理位置、种族、年龄和社会经济状况不同而存在很大差异．在发展中国家较高．发达国家较低。但总体而言,近年世界许多地区的H．pylori感染率均呈下降趋势。     

共培养下后交叉韧带成纤维细胞中MMPs的基因表达

目的研究后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)成纤维细胞与滑膜细胞共培养下,2种细胞之间的交流对PCL成纤维细胞中基质金属蛋白酶MMP-1、2、3表达及活性的影响。方法分为共培养组和单培养组:①用显微镜观察共培养24 h后细胞的活性和迁移率。②分别培养6 h后,提取总RNA,逆转录PCR;实时荧光定量PCR对人后交叉韧带成纤维细胞MMP-1、2、3基因的表达进行半定量和定量分析。③共培养处理1、2、3 d后收集培养上清液,用明胶酶谱法检测MMP-2的活性。结果共培养使PCL细胞和滑膜细胞较单层细胞培养迁移率分别增高了(43.1±0.1)%和(76.2±0.2)%(P<0.01)。与单培养相比,共培养组明显增加了MMP-2的基因表达,但降低了MMP-1、3的基因表达。酶谱结果表明共培养增加了MMP-2活性(P<0.05)。结论共培养能够促进细胞的迁移以及调节细胞中MMP-1、2、3的表达情况。