AChE inhibitionOther cholinesterasesPhysical propertiesLatency and toxicityPharmacological propertiesClinical manifestationsTreatmentPyridostigmineAtropinePralidoxime
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91.
Endoneurial hypoxia and a high frequency of closed capillaries have been found in chronic experimental diabetes and human diabetic sural nerve, respectively. These findings have led to the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is due to endoneurial hypoxia. To evaluate the role of endoneurial hypoxia in experimental diabetic neuropathy, the effects of supplementation and deprivation of oxygen on peripheral nerve lipid biosynthesis were studied in normal control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Defective lipid biosynthesis in diabetic nerve was partially prevented by oxygen supplementation. When normal rats were placed in a hypoxic chamber, lipid abnormalities similar to those observed in diabetic nerves were demonstrated in the absence of changes in nerve free sugars. These findings suggest that endoneurial hypoxia may underlie some key biochemical abnormalities encountered in experimental diabetic neuropathy.  相似文献   
92.
93.
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use behaviors of health professions students (HPS) were assessed by surveying both university-based HPS and other nursing programs in a Midwestern state in 1999. Response was 2,646 (56.4%) of surveyed students. Family history of alcohol-related and drug-related problems were reported by 39.8% and 13.9%, respectively, with 42.6% of respondents reporting one or both. Among nursing respondents, 48.1%, 19.2% and 51.1%, respectively, reported family problems with alcohol, drugs, or one or both. Past-year alcohol use was comparable to undergraduate college students (UCS) nationally (83%); heavy drinking, tobacco and recreational drug use by HPS were lower. Past year drug use was highest among medical students. Marijuana was the predominant illicit drug; medical students and males most often reported use. Health professions educational systems should proactively address student AOD prevention, education and assistance needs.  相似文献   
94.
Geoghegan  James; Tong  Jeffrey L 《CEACCP》2006,6(6):230-234
The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
  • Chemical personal protective equipment must be wornwhen in contact with contaminated casualties.
  • Recognizing theclinical features of chemical warfare agent poisoning allowssupportive treatment and appropriate antidotes to be promptlyadministered.
  • The mnemonic DUMBELS describes the muscarinicfeatures of the nerve agent poisoning toxidrome.
  • There areeffective antidotes for poisoning with nerve agents, blood agents(metabolic poisons), botulinum toxin and kolokol-1.
  • There areno specific antidotes for blistering agents (vesicants) andchoking agents.
  Chemical warfare (CW) agents are chemical substances that havea direct toxic effect on plants, animals and humans. Classifiedaccording to their physiological effects, agents effective againsthumans include nerve agents, blistering agents (vesicants),blood agents, choking agents and toxins. Incapacitating, vomiting,psychoactive and riot control agents (e.g. CS gas) also exist.1 All personnel in contact with contaminated casualties must wearthe appropriate level of chemical personal protective equipment(CPPE) until adequate decontamination is . . . [Full Text of this Article]
   Nerve agents