全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2078篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 38篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 346篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 163篇 |
内科学 | 460篇 |
皮肤病学 | 70篇 |
神经病学 | 209篇 |
特种医学 | 151篇 |
外科学 | 302篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 98篇 |
眼科学 | 33篇 |
药学 | 113篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 146篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 45篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 112篇 |
2012年 | 193篇 |
2011年 | 186篇 |
2010年 | 98篇 |
2009年 | 98篇 |
2008年 | 172篇 |
2007年 | 142篇 |
2006年 | 148篇 |
2005年 | 117篇 |
2004年 | 100篇 |
2003年 | 122篇 |
2002年 | 101篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2203条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Mastella Giulio Darstein Lars Raufhake Carsten Schneider Vera Corletto Anna Buiatti Alessandra Mller Alexander Schuessler-Hahn Franziska Gondert Markus Gerdes Heiko Martens Eimo 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2022,30(1):5-10
Journal of Public Health - Offshore wind energy is a fast growing market. Accordingly, a correspondingly large number of employees are working at the wind farms. Owing to the harsh operating... 相似文献
12.
Heiko Kilter Olaf Lenz Karl La Rosée Markus Flesch Robert H. G. Schwinger Martin Mädge Ferdinand Kuhn-Regnier Michael Böhm 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1995,352(3):308-312
Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to mediate several effects in response to muscarinic cholinergic stimulation in cardiovascular tissues. Recently, an attenuation of guinea pig cardiac myocyte contraction by NO has been described. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the indirect negative inotropic effect of M-cholinoceptor stimulation in human myocardium is in part due to an effect of endogenous NO. Therefore, the effect of carbachol was studied under control conditions and during inhibition of NO-synthase by pretreatment with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (NMMA). Functional experiments were performed in isolated, electrically driven (1 Hz, 37°C) left ventricular papillary muscle strips of human myocardium. Since cytokines have been reported to be increased in the serum of patients with heart failure and could induce NO-synthase activity in failing myocardium, we compared samples from nonfailing and terminally failing (classified as NYHA IV) hearts. The indirect negative inotropic effect of carbachol (10 mol/l) was studied in the presence of the \-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (0.03 mol/l).After stimulation with isoprenaline, carbachol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced force of contraction. This effect was diminished in failing myocardium compared to nonfailing, probably due to the diminished inotropic response most likely due to the lower cAMP levels in response to \-adrenoceptor stimulation in the former condition. Pretreatment with NMMA (100 mol/l) altered the antiadrenergic effect of carbachol neither in nonfailing nor in failing preparations. Furthermore, inhibition of guanylyl cyclase, the target enzyme of NO, by preincubation with methylene blue (10 mol/l) for 30 min had no effect on the carbachol-induced decrease in force of contraction. Basal force of contraction, as well as the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline remained unaffected by NMMA or methylene blue.The present study provides evidence that the indirect negative inotropic effect of M-cholinoceptor agonists is not due to an effect of NO in the human myocardium. Furthermore, the well known enhancement of cGMP in response to M-cholinoceptor stimulation appears not to be involved in this antiadrenergic effect. 相似文献
13.
Spallek H Spallek G 《Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft》1999,96(11):741-748
Hintergrund: Das Medium Internet ist nicht hierarchisch strukturiert und unterscheidet sich daher von herk?mmlichen Wissensquellen. Die
ansteigende Zahl medizinisch-wissenschaftlicher Webseiten bietet dem Augenarzt umfangreiche, jedoch nicht immer leicht zu
erschlie?ende Informations- und Weiterbildungsm?glichkeiten.
Material und Methode: Die Effektivit?t einer Internet-Recherche h?ngt vom Wissenstand über vorhandene Suchstrategien ab. Es werden Suchsysteme
(Search engines, Kataloge, Datenbanken, Indizes) dargestellt sowie Hinweise für deren effektive Nutzung (Metasearch, Anwendung
von Boolean-Operatoren, Wortgruppen-Suche) gegeben. Die Effizienz der Suche wird anhand konkreter Ergebnisse, deren Aktualit?t
und der Anwenderfreundlichkeit der verwendeten Systeme bewertet. Neue, zukunftsweisende Applikationen wie SemioMap und Intelligent
Agents werden vorgestellt.
Ergebnisse und Schlu?folgerung: Bei Anwendung effektiver Suchstrategien stellt das Internet bereits heutzutage eine einfache und schnell zu nutzende Informationsquelle
für den Arzt und Wissenschaftler dar. Die verfügbaren medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Ressourcen leisten zunehmend aktuelle
und praxisbezogene Beitr?ge zu fachspezifischer Weiterbildung und zukunftsorientierter Forschung.
相似文献
14.
Katinka Breuer Korbinian M. Riedhammer Nicole Müller Birthe Schaidinger Gregor Dombrowsky Sven Dittrich Susanne Zeidler Ulrike M. M. Bauer Dominik S. Westphal Thomas Meitinger Tikam Chand Dakal Marc-Phillip Hitz Johannes Breuer Heiko Reutter Alina C. Hilger Julia Hoefele 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2022,30(8):946
The birth prevalence of laterality defects is about 1.1/10,000 comprising different phenotypes ranging from situs inversus totalis to heterotaxy, mostly associated with complex congenital heart defects (CHD) and situs abnormalities such as intestinal malrotation, biliary atresia, asplenia, or polysplenia. A proportion of laterality defects arise in the context of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) accompanied by respiratory symptoms or infertility. In this study, exome sequencing (ES) was performed in 14 case-parent trios/quattros with clinical exclusion of PCD prior to analysis. Moreover, all cases and parents underwent detailed clinical phenotyping including physical examination, echocardiography by a skilled paediatric cardiologist and abdominal ultrasound examinations not to miss mildly affected individuals. Subsequent survey of the exome data comprised filtering for monoallelic de novo, rare biallelic, and X-linked recessive variants. In two families, rare variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PKD1L1 and ZIC3 were identified. Both genes have been associated with laterality defects. In two of the remaining families, biallelic variants in LMBRD1 and DNAH17, respectively, were prioritized. In another family, an ultra-rare de novo variant in WDR47 was found. Extensive exome survey of 2,109 single exomes of individuals with situs inversus totalis, heterotaxy, or isolated CHD identified two individuals with novel monoallelic variants in WDR47, but no further individuals with biallelic variants in DNAH17 or LMBRD1. Overall, ES of 14 case-parent trios/quattros with cardiovascular laterality defects identified rare VUS in two families in known disease-associated genes PKD1L1 and ZIC3 and suggests DNAH17, LMBRD1, and WDR47 as potential genes involved in laterality defects.Subject terms: Disease genetics, Genetic counselling, Biological sciences 相似文献
15.
16.
De Schepper Heiko Macken Elisabeth Van Marck Veerle Spinhoven Maarten Pelckmans Paul Moreels Tom 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2013,19(10):1661-1664
We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting.Based on wireless video capsule findings he was previously diagnosed with ileal Crohn’s disease at a different institution,although the clinical and radiological picture was not typical and the response to corticosteroids was poor.We performed a single-balloon enteroscopy showing a short,ulcerous stenosis 50 cm proximal from Bauhin’s valve.The endoscopic and clinical histopathological findings were compatible with cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis(CMUSE).High dose corticosteroids were again started,without effect.The monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) antibody infliximab was added to the medical therapy.After induction therapy,both clinical and endoscopic amelioration was obtained.Larger case studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of TNF-α inhibition in steroid refractory CMUSE. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
Heiko Traupe Judith Fischer Vinzenz Oji 《Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft》2014,12(2):109-121
Ichthyoses are genetically determined Mendelian disorders of cornification (MEDOC) that are characterized by universal scaling. Today we distinguish between non‐syndromic and syndromic forms. Ichthyosis vulgaris is the most frequent type (prevalence 1:100) and is caused by autosomal semi‐dominant filaggrin mutations. It is associated with a higher risk for the development of atopic diseases, such as atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis. Recessive X‐linked ichthyosis (RXLI) occurs almost exclusively in boys; in Germany it has a prevalence of around 1:4,000. It is caused by steroid sulfatase deficiency and is often associated with further clinical problems, such as cryptorchidism (~20%) or social communication deficits, such as attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome (40%) or autism (25%). Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is genetically very heterogeneous and 8 different genes have been identified so far. The most frequent cause of ARCI is a transglutaminase 1 deficiency (prevalence 1:200, 000). Mutations in keratin genes are the cause of the keratinopathic ichthyoses, such as epidermolytic ichthyosis. They manifest at birth and often feature episodes of blistering. Most of these types are inherited as autosomal dominant traits, but autosomal recessive forms have also been described on occasion. 相似文献