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11.
E. A. Mowat S. Thomas R. Hyatt J. D. Maxwell M. N. Whitelaw 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1992,5(1):35-51
Two sample groups of elderly were compared from a population living in South London. One group attended a local day centre (a socially orientated establishment), and the other attended a local day hospital (a therapeutically orientated establishment).
The aim of the study was to compare nutritional intake, functional status and muscle strength between these two groups.
The mean nutritional intakes of the day hospital and day centre attenders were similar. Intake of macronutrients, with the exception of fibre, met Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) in both groups. In take of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc fell below recommendations in both groups.
Low intake of folic acid was improved by supplementation, and some individual blood levels of folate reflected this. Blood folate levels were generally within normal limits. Low intake of vitamin D was improved by supplementation, but blood levels were generally normal anyway. There was, however, a tendency for the more dependent day hospital patients to have lower vitamin D levels. This group also had less sunshine exposure.
Communal dining, whether in the setting of day hospital or day centre, may have been an essential means of bolstering nutritional intake for many 'at risk' elderly.
There were significant differences in functional status and muscle strength in favour of the day centre group and these indicate that anthropometric indices rather than nutritional or biochemical indices were the most reliable markers of disease and disability in this study.
The effect of fortifying local meals-on-wheels was also highlighted, and suggests that this may be one means of preventing nutritional deficiencies in the vulnerable, house-bound elderly.
Alcohol intake was reported as being modest. However, discrepancies were noted on review of biochemical indices known to be influenced by alcohol intake. 相似文献
The aim of the study was to compare nutritional intake, functional status and muscle strength between these two groups.
The mean nutritional intakes of the day hospital and day centre attenders were similar. Intake of macronutrients, with the exception of fibre, met Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) in both groups. In take of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc fell below recommendations in both groups.
Low intake of folic acid was improved by supplementation, and some individual blood levels of folate reflected this. Blood folate levels were generally within normal limits. Low intake of vitamin D was improved by supplementation, but blood levels were generally normal anyway. There was, however, a tendency for the more dependent day hospital patients to have lower vitamin D levels. This group also had less sunshine exposure.
Communal dining, whether in the setting of day hospital or day centre, may have been an essential means of bolstering nutritional intake for many 'at risk' elderly.
There were significant differences in functional status and muscle strength in favour of the day centre group and these indicate that anthropometric indices rather than nutritional or biochemical indices were the most reliable markers of disease and disability in this study.
The effect of fortifying local meals-on-wheels was also highlighted, and suggests that this may be one means of preventing nutritional deficiencies in the vulnerable, house-bound elderly.
Alcohol intake was reported as being modest. However, discrepancies were noted on review of biochemical indices known to be influenced by alcohol intake. 相似文献
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14.
In vitro selection of human rhinovirus relatively resistant to soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Variants of human rhinovirus serotype 39 (HRV-39) relatively resistant to inhibition by soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were selected by serial passages in HeLa or WI-38 cells in the presence of sICAM-1. Moderate resistance (four- to fivefold increases in 50% effective inhibitory concentrations [EC50s]) was observed after the second passage in HeLa cells and remained constant during six further passages in the presence of 10 micrograms of sICAM-1 per ml. A 7- to 17-fold increase in EC50s was observed in WI-38 cells during passage with 10 micrograms/ml, and reversion to a nonresistant phenotype was not observed after four passages in the absence of sICAM-1. Resistance of a higher degree was obtained by passing HRV-39 in the presence of 100 micrograms of sICAM-1 per ml in HeLa cells (30-fold EC50 increase). The sICAM-1-resistant phenotype was estimated to constitute 1 in 10(4) to 1 in 10(5) PFU of a nonexposed HRV-39 population. Low to moderate levels of resistance to sICAM-1 inhibition emerge readily during in vitro passage in the presence of sICAM-1 and appear to be phenotypically stable. 相似文献
15.
Susan Miesfeldt Christine Hayden Netta Apedoe Sharon Jerome Andrea Fletcher 《Journal of community health》2010,35(2):109-114
Over 800 Maine residents will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) this year, and nearly 300 will die from the disease.
While CRC screening can reduce these rates, it is only among insured populations that screening rates exceed 50%. This project
aimed to reduce barriers to, and increase rates of CRC screening among underinsured and uninsured women, ages 50 years and
over, residing in Cumberland County, Maine. The existing network of the Maine Breast and Cervical Health Program (MBCHP) was
used to reach the target population. A packet containing (1) an offer for no-cost fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening
and CRC-related educational materials, and (2) a stamped, addressed postcard specifying the woman’s interest in these resources,
was mailed to 300 MBCHP enrollees residing in Cumberland County. Women requesting screening were contacted by phone to further
determine eligibility. Ninety-three women (31%) requested FOBT kits and 29 of these women requested educational materials.
Ten women were ineligible for screening because of previous colonoscopy. Fifty-two completed FOBT kits (63%) were returned;
all were negative. An additional 42 (14%) women requested educational materials only. To reduce the burden of CRC in Maine
and nationally, disparate populations must be reached with efficient and effective screening services. Established networks
are proven means for reaching uninsured and underinsured individuals with education, screening services, and necessary follow-up
care. This project serves as a model for the future development of similar programs statewide and nationally. 相似文献
16.
Anastomotic leaks following oesophageal cancer resection have a high mortality. Stents have an established position in the
palliation of dysphagia due to malignancy and in treating malignant perforation or fistula. They are increasingly used for
benign conditions such as spontaneous oesophageal perforation with encouraging results. In this systematic review we examine
the available evidence and attempt to define the role of stents in the management of oesophageal anastomotic leaks after resection
for cancer. It is evident from the review that plastic- and metal-covered stents are an effective strategy for the treatment
of anastomotic leaks. Vigilance is required as complications such as stent migration and incomplete sealing are not uncommon.
Further clinical studies with greater methodological rigor in terms of sample size and study design may confirm that stents
have an important contribution to make in the management of oesophageal anastomotic leak. 相似文献
17.
The antiviral activity of zinc salts against rhinovirus types 1A and 39 was assayed by yield reduction and inhibition of cytopathic effect in cell culture. The findings indicate that the zinc salts tested have low in vitro therapeutic indices and suggest that the possible beneficial effects of zinc lozenges in reducing cold symptoms may not be related to selective antirhinovirus activity. 相似文献
18.
We evaluated the sonographic findings in 133 consecutive children referred for suspected appendicitis. Fifty-eight of these patients (44%) ultimately underwent surgery, with 54 of these proved to have acute appendicitis. Thirty-one (58%) of the 54 had nonperforated appendicitis, and 23 (43%) had evidence of perforation. Previously described sonographic findings that have been employed in the diagnosis of appendicitis were evaluated, with the presence or absence of these findings being compared in patients with non-perforated and perforated appendicitis. In those patients who did not undergo surgery, the following findings were documented and compared to the findings in patients with proved appendicitis: (1) an identifiable appendix and its sonographic characteristics, (2) fluid localized to the right peritoneal reflection or periappendiceal region, or both, (3) free pelvic fluid, and (4) right lower quadrant adenopathy. Our results suggest that high-resolution, real-time sonography, using graded compression, is very sensitive in the identification of acute nonperforated appendicitis. Perforated appendicitis, however, can be a more difficult diagnosis because the appendix frequently decompresses with perforation and yet may not "wall off" or form a well-defined abscess. As a result, the appendix can be very difficult to identify. 相似文献
19.
Jean Bergeron Thierry Normand Adl Bharucha M. R. van Murtby Pierre Julien Claude Gagné Carole Dionne Marc de Braekeleer Daniel Brun Michael R. Hayden Paul J. Luplen 《Clinical genetics》1992,41(4):206-210
Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (FLD) is of particular interest to the French Canadian population of Québec since the largest concentration of homozygotes and carriers of this genetic disease in the world resides in this area. We have previously described a missense mutation (M-188) in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene which was present in FLD patients belonging to different ancestries, including a number of French Canadians (Monsalve MV et al. J Clin Invest 1990: 86: 728-734). In the present report, we show that this mutation, although found in largest absolute numbers among French Canadians as compared to other groups in the world, accounts for only a small proportion (24%) of all the LPL mutant alleles in this population. The M-188 occurs either in the homozygote state or as a compound heterozygote with another LPL mutation. Analysis of geographic distribution indicates that the M-188 is more prevalent in western Québec, with the highest carrier rate in the Mauricie region. Genealogical reconstruction leads to the recognition of four founders for M-188, all emigrants from France to Québec in the 17th century. 相似文献
20.
Preclinical testing in Huntington disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1