Protective antibody responses to influenza A/H1N1/09 vaccination in children with celiac disease

Patients with celiac disease have an increased risk for severe influenza infection and they show less of a response to certain vaccine types. During the influenza A/H1N1/09 pandemic, we prospectively investigated pandemic vaccine responses in 14 pediatric patients with celiac disease and age-/sex-matched controls. All of the children with celiac disease reached protective antibody titers (≥40) and showed a geometric mean titer comparable with the control group (530 vs 573).     

Impact of the A (H1N1) pandemic influenza (season 2009–2010) on patients with cystic fibrosis

Background

Influenza, like other respiratory viral infections, can cause acute deterioration of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous studies on a small number of patients reported that most people with CF infected with A (H1N1) influenza experienced a mild course of disease.

Aim

To characterise the impact of A (H1N1) infection on CF in a large number of patients from different centres and countries.

Methods

CF centres accessing the web-site of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) were asked to report clinical data on patients with an ascertained diagnosis of influenza caused by the A (H1N1) virus. The study was web-based and data were collected through an electronic data sheet on the ECFS website.

Results

Twenty-five centres from 10 countries caring for 4698 patients with CF reported data on 110 patients (2.3%), median age 13 years (range 1–39 years). The prevalence of infection in each centre ranged from 0% to 9.4%. Only 8.8% of the patients had been vaccinated. The main symptoms were fever and respiratory exacerbation requiring IV antibiotics in 53% of the patients; 48% of the patients were hospitalised for an average of 12.9 days (range 2–56) and 31% required oxygen treatment during the time of the infection. Most of the patients recovered and FEV₁ 1 month after the infection was similar to that before the infection. However, 6 patients were admitted to ICU, 5 with mechanical ventilation. Three patients with severe respiratory disease died.

Conclusions

A (H1N1) influenza infection caused transient but significant morbidity in most of the patients with CF. However, in a small number of patients with severe lung disease, A (H1N1) influenza was associated with respiratory deterioration, mechanical ventilation and even death.     

成年小鼠中枢神经系统损伤后TT-301可抑制小胶质细胞活化及改善其预后(英文)

BACKGROUND Microglial inhibition may reduce secondary tissue injury and improve functional outcome following acute brain injury.Utilizing clinically relevant murine models of traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhage,neuroinflammatory responses and functional outcome     

Perception, Practices Towards Research and Predictors of Research Career Among UG Medical Students from Coastal South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:

The number of physician scientists worldwide is decreasing. A review of literature suggests paucity of information examining perceptions and practices towards research among medical undergraduate students in India. Hence, this study was undertaken.

Objectives:

To understand (a) the awareness, skills, perceptions and practices among undergraduate (UG) medical students towards research, (b) the factors responsible for willingness to take up research as a career among the undergraduates.

Material and Methods:

This is a questionnaire-based qualitative study. This study was conducted in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. A pre-tested questionnaire examining their awareness, perceptions and practices towards research in medical field was used. Consent was obtained from the Dean of the College and student participation was voluntary.

Analysis:

The information was analyzed using SPSS version 11. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were done to know the willingness to consider research as a career.

Results:

A total of 471 students responded giving a response rate of 55.41%. Nearly 70% were aware about research though their level of awareness varied. Various skills of conducting research were known to 47% of the students. Most (76%) were part of a research team mainly as a part of the medical curriculum, a few (8.3%) were confident of research as a career option. The multivariate reveals that those with good skill and students who involved in research in addition to curriculum were more likely to take up research as career option/would continue to do research in future.

Conclusions:

Good training and student support programs exclusively for research would motivate students to opt for research careers.     

Reconstruction of iliac crest with rib to prevent donor site complications: A prospective study of 26 cases

Background:

The tricortical bone graft from the iliac crest are used to reconstruct the post corpectomy spinal defects. The donor iliac area defect is large and may give rise to pain at donor site, instability of pelvis, fracture of ilium, donor site muscle herniation or abdominal content herniation. Rib removed during thoracotomy was used by us to reconstruct the iliac crest defect.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-six patients who underwent thoracotomy for dorsal spine corpectomy or curettage for various spinal pathologies from June 2002 to May 2004 were included in the study. After adequate decompression the spine was reconstructed by tricortical bone graft from iliac crest and reconstruction of the iliac crest was done with the rib removed for exposure during thoracotomy.

Results:

The mean follow up was 15 months. All patients had good graft incorporation which was evaluated on the basis of local tenderness and radiographs. One patient had graft displacement.

Conclusion:

The reconstruction of iliac crest by rib is a simple and effective procedure to prevent donor site complications.     

小肠部分切除大鼠术后一氧化氮代谢途径干预对葡萄糖代谢的影响

目的：观察小肠部分切除大鼠术后一氧化氮代谢途径干预对大鼠术后葡萄糖代谢的影响，寻找解决术后胰岛素抵抗的方法。方法：实验于2005—01／2006—08在解放军第四军医大学第二附属医院中心实验室完成。实验分组：96只大鼠随机数字表法分为4组，正常对照组，L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组，L-精氨酸处理组，L-精氨酸＋L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组，每组24只。实验干预：建立大鼠小肠部分切除模型，各干预组分别尾静脉注射1mg／kg L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯、100mg／kg L-精氨酸处理、0．5mg／kg L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯＋50mg／kg L-精氨酸处理进行一氧化氮代谢途径干预。正常对照组只注射1mL生理盐水。实验评估：①给药后2，8，12，24，48h取血，测定血清中一氧化氮含量及血糖检测。②给药后24h，48h，1周后采用胰岛素敏感性实验计算每公斤代谢体质量每分钟代谢葡萄糖的量。结果：96只大鼠均进入结果分析。①血清一氧化氮含量：L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组各时间点血清一氧化氮含量低于正常对照组（P〈0、05），而L-精氨酸处理组各时间点血清一氧化氮含量高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；L-精氨酸＋L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组与正常对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．1）。②空腹血糖：给药后8，12，24，48h L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。给药后8，12，24，48h L-精氨酸处理组低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；L-精氨酸＋L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组与正常对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．1）。③稳态情况下每千克代谢体质量每分钟代谢葡萄糖的量：L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05），而L-精氨酸处理组则显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；L-精氨酸＋L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯处理组与正常对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．1）。结论：小肠部分切除大鼠术后一氧化氮代谢途径在葡萄糖转运和胰岛素活性方面可能起着重要作用，提示其可能是解决术后胰岛素抵抗的一种方法。