口腔颌面-头颈黏膜黑色素瘤的诊治现状和进展

口腔颌面-头颈部是黏膜黑色素瘤的高发部位,该病侵袭性强,易发生区域和远处转移,预后很差,临床治疗有很大的难度。经过多年的临床经验总结,口腔黏膜黑色素瘤的综合序列治疗方法已经形成,治疗效果有所提高。近年来,随着分子生物学的迅速发展,肿瘤的分子诊断和靶向治疗取得了巨大突破,尤其是小分子抑制剂和免疫调节治疗的发展,打开了晚期黑色素瘤治疗的突破口。目前,口腔颌面-头颈黏膜黑色素瘤的治疗已向个体化治疗的方向发展。     

CD34与SMA在乳腺叶状肿瘤诊断中的作用及病理形态分析

目的观察乳腺叶状肿瘤(PT)及纤维腺瘤(FA)CD34、SMA的表达情况并探讨其意义。方法选取FA患者20例,良性PT患者10例,交界性PT患者5例,恶性PT患者5例进行免疫组化检测CD34、SMA的表达情况。结果 CD34在FA与良性PT中的表达部位存在差异,其表达强度与PT的恶性程度呈正比,SMA在FA中的表达与良性PT存在强度差异,其表达强度与PT的恶性程度呈正比。结论免疫组化检测CD34与SMA的表达可做为鉴别PT和FA的有效方法并对PT的分级有一定帮助。     

围产期孕妇焦虑抑郁状况与生活质量的相关性研究

目的：探讨围产期孕妇焦虑抑郁状况与生活质量的相关性。方法对968名围产期孕妇于孕28周及产后1个月采用焦虑自评量表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、生活质量量表进行测评分析。结果孕28周及产后1个月孕妇生活质量量表的精神成分及躯体成分维度分与爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表评分呈负相关;爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分与焦虑自评量表评分呈显著正相关（P＜0．01）。结论围产期孕妇焦虑情绪与抑郁情绪呈正相关,焦虑抑郁情绪与生活质量呈负相关。     

Current status of randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China

China alone accounts for nearly 42% of all new gastric cancer cases worldwide, and gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in China nowadays. Without mass screening programs, unfortunately over 80% of all Chinese patients have been diagnosed as advanced diseases. As in other Asian countries, especially Japan and Korea, laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer has gained increasingly popularity in China during the past decade. Whether laparoscopic surgery can be safely and effectively performed in the treatment of gastric cancer remains controversial, particularly with regard to curative intent in advanced diseases. Given the high incidence of these cancers, and their advanced stage at diagnosis, China has a significant interest in determining the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic gastrectomy. A well‐designed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the only feasible way to provide conclusive evidence. To date, China has not played a significant role in terms of conducting RCT concerning laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer. However, an effort has been made by the Chinese researchers, with the great help from our colleagues in neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan, through the establishment of the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group. In this review, we present the current status of RCT for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China, including published and ongoing registered RCT.     

原发性肾病综合征患者应用糖皮质激素后对骨密度及骨钙素的影响

目的 观察原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患者应用糖皮质激素（GC)后骨密度(BMD)及骨钙素（OC)的变化。方法 20例正常对照为A组,将73例原发性肾病综合征患者根据应用糖皮质激素的时间分为四组,B组(2 -6个月）19例、C组(7 - 12 个月）21例、D组(13 - 18个月）17例、E组(超过18个月）16例,所有研究对象收集临床资料,测定骨密度,检测血骨钙素水平。结果①A-E组性别、年龄、体重指数无统计学差异,B-E组血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙、血磷的差异 无统计学意义;②B组腰椎L1骨密度较A组减少(P < 0. 05),C组腰椎L1-L4骨密度较A组减少（腰椎L1、L3,P <0.01;腰椎 L2、L4,P <0. 05),D组腰椎L1-L4、股骨颈、大粗隆骨密度较A组减少（腰椎L1-L4、大粗隆,P <0. 01;股骨颈,P <0.05),E组各部位骨密度均较A组减少(腰椎L1-L4,P <0. 01;股骨颈、Wards三角区、大粗隆,P<0. 05);③B组、C组骨钙素水平较A组降低(P <0. 05),D组、E组骨钙素水平较A组的差异无统计学意义;④单纯钙剂组及不规律或未应用抗骨质疏松药物组的各部位骨密度均较规律应用钙剂+活性维生素D组减少(P <0.05),不规律或未应用抗骨质疏松药物组与单纯钙剂组比较,仅大粗隆骨密度减少有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 原发性肾病综合征患者应用糖皮质激素治疗的早期发生血骨钙素降低,长期应用可致骨密度减少,腰椎骨密度减少最为显著,钙剂联合活性维生素D治疗可防治糖皮质激素相关性骨量丢失。     

伊班磷酸钠对老年骨质疏松性骨折愈后影响的临床研究

目的 探讨老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折术后应用伊班磷酸钠对骨折愈后的影响,以期对骨质疏松性骨折术后进行科学、合理化治疗。方法 选取2011年9月至2013年6月在我院骨科住院手术治疗的老年股骨粗隆间骨折的患者共135 例。选取符合股骨颈骨密度(T值< -2.5)的患者120例。将患者随机分成4组,每组30人,行PFNA手术,分别是不用药物组(A组)、术后1周用药组(B组)、1个月（C组）、3个月（D组）行伊班磷酸钠注射液2mg静点,连续两天,每3个月静点1 次。随访患者骨折愈合情况,并发症以及骨密度值变化。收集的数据用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行分析,统计学处理数据以均数±标准差( )表示,计数资料比较采用重复测量的方差分析,P<0.05差异有显著性,具有统计学意义。结果 4个组间骨折愈合时间没有统计学意义。共有18位病人因固定失败或死亡而失去随访,组间并发症的发生没有统计学差异。所有患者的Harris髋关节功能评分及并发症在4个组之间比较无统计学差异。B、C、D 3组骨密度较术前明显升高,而A组骨密度较术前降低,二者比较有统计学差异。结论 本研究结果表明在老年人股骨粗隆间骨折后,不同时间段应用伊班磷酸钠可提高其骨密度,但对其愈后没有明显不利影响。     

单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折

目的探讨单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选择2012-01—2012-12间收治的骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者42例,行单侧通道椎体后凸成形术,观察患者的治疗效果及疼痛评分等指标。结果患者治疗后椎体高度(26.94±12.35)mm,显著优于治疗前(15.23±5.32)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后疼痛评分(1.01±0.21)分,明显低于治疗前(7.64±1.34)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后随访6~12个月,平均8.7个月,42例患者未发生感染及血管栓塞等并发症,术后3 d下床活动,7 d后出院。1 a后复查,患者骨水泥充盈良好。结论骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折采用单侧通道椎体后凸成形术治疗,疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

Multiple Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin System Are Novel Targets of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CKD and cardiovascular disease. However, current anti-RAS therapy only has limited efficacy, partly because of compensatory upregulation of renin expression. Therefore, a treatment strategy to simultaneously target multiple RAS genes is necessary to achieve greater efficacy. By bioinformatics analyses, we discovered that the promoter regions of all RAS genes contained putative T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)-binding sites, and β-catenin induced the binding of LEF-1 to these sites in kidney tubular cells. Overexpression of either β-catenin or different Wnt ligands induced the expression of all RAS genes. Conversely, a small-molecule β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 abolished RAS induction. In a mouse model of nephropathy induced by adriamycin, either transient therapy or late administration of ICG-001 abolished established proteinuria and kidney lesions. ICG-001 inhibited renal expression of multiple RAS genes in vivo and abolished the expression of other Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Moreover, ICG-001 therapy restored expression of nephrin, podocin, and Wilms’ tumor 1, attenuated interstitial myofibroblast activation, repressed matrix expression, and inhibited renal inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, these studies identify all RAS genes as novel downstream targets of Wnt/β-catenin. Our results indicate that blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can simultaneously repress multiple RAS genes, thereby leading to the reversal of established proteinuria and kidney injury.