Adverse consequences of immediate thrombolysis-related complications: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study of acute stroke

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - Complications following thrombolysis for stroke are well documented, and mostly concentrated on haemorrhage. However, the consequences of patients who...     

Development of Diagnostic Reference Levels Using a Real-Time Radiation Dose Monitoring System at a Cardiovascular Center in Korea

Digital cardiovascular angiography accounts for a major portion of the radiation dose among the examinations performed at cardiovascular centres. However, dose-related information is neither monitored nor recorded systemically. This report concerns the construction of a radiation dose monitoring system based on digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data and its use at the cardiovascular centre of the University Hospitals in Korea. The dose information was analysed according to DICOM standards for a series of procedures, and the formulation of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) at our cardiovascular centre represents the first of its kind in Korea. We determined a dose area product (DAP) DRL for coronary angiography of 75.6 Gy cm² and a fluoroscopic time DRL of 318.0 s. The DAP DRL for percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention was 213.3 Gy cm², and the DRL for fluoroscopic time was 1207.5 s.     

Soybean allergen glycinin induced the destruction of the mechanical barrier function in IPEC-J2

Humans and animals suffer a health threat to soybean allergy. The impaired mechanism of the intestinal barrier by food/feed allergen glycinin has not been clear. The effects of epithelial metabolic activity, permeability, integrity, and the tight junction (TJ) expression induced by glycinin were conducted using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) model in this study. The results showed the decreased metabolic activity (R² = 0.964, p < 0.001) and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity (R² = 0.528, p = 0.002) linearly correlated with glycinin levels (0–4 mg/mL). The trans-epithelial electrical resistance values declined stimulated by 4 mg/mL glycinin treatment in a time-dependent manner (0, 6, 12, or 24 h, p = 0.018), and also descended after 12 or 24 h glycinin treatment in dose-dependence (0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg/mL, p < 0.001). The glycinin-induced TJ expression of claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 were reduced (p < 0.05).     

活血降脂方对小鼠脂肪肝的防治作用

目的:探讨活血降脂方对小鼠脂肪肝的防治作用及机制。方法:高脂饲料喂养小鼠,分别用不同剂量的活血降脂方(由人参、三七、天麻组成,命名为GST)给小鼠灌胃2周,检测血脂、肝组织甘油三酯(TG)含量,并观察肝指数和肝脏病理变化,筛选出药物的最佳用药剂量。此外,小鼠分为正常对照(NC)组,喂基础饲料;模型组喂高脂饲料。12周后将模型小鼠随机分为高脂(HF)组,正常饮食(ND)组和GST组。除HF组饲高脂饲料外,其余各组饲基础饲料;GST组给予GST灌胃2周,其余各组以同等容积蒸馏水灌胃。检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、TG、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及肝组织TC、TG含量,观察肝指数、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,肝组织病理变化及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)的mRNA表达。结果:GST可显著降低血脂、肝脂和MDA水平,增加SOD活性,明显降低肝指数并改善肝组织脂肪变性,增加肝组织PPARαmRNA表达、抑制CYP2E1 mRNA的表达。结论:GST具有有效防治脂肪肝的作用,其机制可能与上调肝组织PPARαmRNA的表达、降低血清和肝组织TG含量、下调CYP2E1 mRNA的表达以及抗脂质过氧化反应有关。     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后皮质神经元微血管构筑和血脑屏障的变化及丁苯酞的保护作用

目的:观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后皮质微血管的变化,探讨丁苯酞对其作用。方法:线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型;单宁酸-氯化铁媒染法显示大脑皮质微血管,Mivnt图像分析系统定量分析微血管密度(MVD)和微血管面积密度(MVA);十湿重法检测脑含水量,透射电镜观察血脑屏障超微结构。结果:与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组大鼠皮质微血管绝大部分闭合或僵直,MVD和MVA显著下降,脑含水量明显升高,电镜观察微血管腔狭窄,内皮细胞核固缩。丁苯酞组微血管形态好转,MVD和MVA升高,脑水肿和血脑屏障损伤程度均减轻。结论:丁苯酞可改善大鼠脑皮质微血管形态,减轻脑水肿和血脑屏障损伤,对脑缺血再灌注损伤有一定的预防性保护作用。     

运用PTEN和ERG免疫染色区分针吸活检组织中前列腺导管内癌以及高级别PIN

前列腺导管内癌和高级别上皮内瘤变( PIN )在治疗方案上有着显著的区别,但二者的针吸活检组织很难区分。在前列腺根治标本中,作者发现运用PTEN和ERG的免疫组化染色可以解决这一难题。作者在实验中进一步验证在针吸标本中这些标志物是否有用。单独或组合的免疫标记法运用于形态学明确的导管内癌、PIN、交界性导管内增生的活检,后者缺乏类似于导管内癌的形态学准则而比PIN更令人担忧。导管内癌具有侵袭性,有着最高的PTEN丢失率76%(38/50),同时有58%(29/50)表达ERG。导管内癌切除标本显示61%(20/33) PTEN丢失和30%(10/33)的 ERG表达。导管内交界性病变中有52%(11/21)PTEN丢失和27%(4/15)ERG表达。在伴有PTEN丢失的非典型病例中,64%(7/11)在随后的针吸活检标本中检出癌细胞,相比之下, PTEN完好的病例中只检出50%(5/10)。然而,PIN组织中未显示PTEN的丢失以及ERG的表达(0/19)。在针吸活检标本中,导管内癌的 PTEN 丢失很常见,而高级别 PIN 中PTEN丢失很罕见。那些有着PTEN表达丢失的导管内交界性病变中,当再次活检时,癌的可能性很大。如果被大样本的前瞻性研究证实,这个结果将提示PTEN和ERG的免疫染色是一种区分导管内癌和PIN的有效方法。     

Percutaneous Papillary Large Balloon Dilation during Percutaneous Cholangioscopic Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Large Bile-Duct Stones: A Feasibility Study

When access to a major duodenal papilla or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has failed, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (PTCS-L) may be useful for removing common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, the feasibility and usefulness of percutaneous transhepatic papillary large-balloon dilation (PPLBD) during PTCS-L for the removal of large CBD stones has not been established. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of PPLBD for the treatment of large CBD stones. Eleven patients with large CBD stones in whom the access to the major papilla or bile duct had failed were enrolled prospectively. Papillary dilation was performed using a large (12-20 mm) dilation balloon catheter via the percutaneous transhepatic route. Post-procedure adverse events and efficacy of the stone retrieval were measured. The initial success rate of PPLBD was 100%. No patient required a basket to remove a stone after PPLBD. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was required in 2 (18.2%) patients. The median time to complete stone removal after PPLBD was 17.8 min and no adverse events occurred after PPLBD. Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia was not encountered in any patients. This study indicates that PPLBD is safe and effective for removal of large CBD stones.

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Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes in Korea Derived from the Korean Brain Rehabilitation Centers' Online Database System for the Years 2007 to 2011

The purpose of this report was to provide information for patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation after stroke and to identify the possible factors influencing functional outcome after inpatient rehabilitation. Stroke patients (n = 5,212) who were discharged from the Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine (RM) of university hospitals and rehabilitation hospitals from 2007 through 2011 were participants. Prevalence, age, transfer time after onset, length of stay (LOS), functional status at admission and discharge were analyzed. In all stroke subjects, cerebral infarctions (67%) were more common than hemorrhages. Cerebral infarctions in the middle cerebral artery territory were most common, while the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were the most common areas for hemorrhagic stroke. The LOS decreased from 45 to 28 days. Transfer time after onset decreased from 44 to 30 days. Shorter transfer time after onset was correlated with better discharge functional status and shorter LOS. Initial functional status was correlated with discharge functional status. In ischemic stroke subtypes, cerebellar and brainstem strokes predicted better outcomes, while strokes with more than one territory predicted poorer outcomes with more disabilities. In hemorrhagic stroke subtypes, initial and discharge functional status was the lowest for cortical hemorrhages and highest for brainstem hemorrhages. This report shows that LOS and transfer time after onset has been decreased over time and initial functional status and shorter transfer after onset are predictors of better functional outcome at discharge.     

Epidemiological and Survival Trends of Pediatric Cardiac Arrests in Emergency Departments in Korea: A Cross-sectional,Nationwide Report

Cardiac arrest (CA) in children is associated with high mortality rates. In Korea, cohort studies regarding the outcomes of pediatric CAs are lacking, especially in emergency departments (EDs) or in-hospital settings. This study was conducted to examine the trends in epidemiology and survival outcomes in children with resuscitation-attempted CAs using data from a cross-sectional, national, ED-based clinical registry. We extracted cases in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation and/or manual defibrillation were performed according to treatment codes using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) from 2008 to 2012. The total number of ED visits registered in the NEDIS during the 5-yr evaluation period was 20,424,530; among these, there were 2,970 resuscitation-attempted CAs in children. The annual rates of pediatric CAs per 1,000 ED visits showed an upward trend from 2.81 in 2009 to 3.62 in 2012 (P for trend = 0.045). The median number of estimated pediatric CAs at each ED was 7.8 (25th to 75th percentile, 4 to 13) per year. The overall rates for admission survival and discharge survival were 35.2% and 12.8%, respectively. The survival outcome of adults increased substantially over the past 5 yr (11.8% in 2008, 11.7% in 2010, and 13.6% in 2012; P for trend = 0.001); however, the results for children did not improve (13.6% in 2008, 11.4% in 2010, and 13.7% in 2012; P for trend = 0.870). Conclusively, we found that the overall incidence of pediatric CAs in EDs increased substantially over the past 5 yr, but without significantly higher survival outcomes.

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