Studies on potassium induced coronary dilation in the isolated guinea pig heart

Summary Changes of coronary flow in the isolated perfused spontaneously beating guinea pig heart were induced by elevation of potassium concentration in the perfusion medium (4–16 meq/l). Potassium caused a dose-dependent transient increase of diastolic coronary inflow. The response was inhibited by ouabain (1.4×10^–7 M) or reduced temperature. Rubidium ions elicited almost identical vasodilator effects which were also inhibited by ouabain.Autoregulation of coronary flow, reactive hyperemia, and hypoxic coronary dilation were not significantly altered in the presence of ouabain.The results support the hypothesis that potassium as well as rubidium cause vasodilation by activating a Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase. On the other hand, they do not favour the view of an essential involvement of potassium ions in local regulation of coronary flow under the conditions studied.A preliminary report of this study was presented at the 42nd meeting of the German Physiologic Society in Hannover, Germany [Pflügers Arch.343, R20 (1973)].     

Simple Mobile Application for Calculating “Ergotrauma” Made Using an Excel Sheet

How to cite this article: Anand A, Saigal S, Panda R, Kodamanchili S, Shrivastava P, Das A, et al. Simple Mobile Application for Calculating “Ergotrauma” Made Using an Excel Sheet. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(9):1081.     

复治肺结核病人的成因分析

目的　探讨复治肺结核病人形成原因。方法　使用调查表的方法 ,对前来诊治的复治涂阳肺结核病人的首次诊疗 ,管理情况进行问卷调查。结果　综合医院仍然为大多数患者的首次诊疗单位 ,因此部分肺结核患者未能得到正确的诊断、治疗和化疗管理。导致 67.2 %病人“中断”或“间断”治疗 ;另外结核病健康教育宣传做得不够 ,60 .3 %的患者诊断前未接受过防痨宣教 ,3 4.5 %的患者接受初次化疗时仍未得到宣教。这些均在导致复治病人的产生中起了重要作用。结论　加大DOTS覆盖面 ,加强归口管理力度 ,做好防治结核病教育工作是防止复治肺结核病人产生的重要环节。     

Antiretroviral therapy in prevention of HIV and TB: update on current research efforts

There is considerable scientific evidence supporting the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. The complex nature of the HIV and TB prevention responses, resource constraints, remaining questions about cost and feasibility, and the need to use a solid evidence base to make policy decisions, and the implementation challenges to translating trial data to operational settings require a well-organised and coordinated response to research in this area. To this end, we aimed to catalogue the ongoing and planned research activities that evaluate the impact of ART plus other interventions on HIV- and/or TB-related morbidity, mortality, risk behaviour, HIV incidence and transmission. Using a limited search methodology, 50 projects were identified examining ART as prevention, representing 5 regions and 52 countries with a global distribution. There are 24 randomised controlled clinical trials with at least 12 large randomised individual or community cluster trials in resource-constrained settings that are in the planning or early implementation stages. There is considerable heterogeneity between studies in terms of methodology, interventions and geographical location. While the identified studies will undoubtedly advance our understanding of the efficacy and effectiveness of ART for prevention, some key questions may remain unanswered or only partially answered. The large number and wide variety of research projects emphasise the importance of this research issue and clearly demonstrate the potential for synergies, partnerships and coordination across funding agencies.