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51.
Used the Raskin Depression Scale, Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Profile of Mood States' Depression-dejection scale to measure depression in 152 male heroin addicts who were seeking methadone maintenance. To derive an estimate of depression that combined the former two instruments' clinical ratings and the latter two measures' self-reports, a principal component analysis was performed on the intercorrelations among the four scales. One significant component emerged, and its component scores then were correlated with some of the addicts' background characteristics. Living with another addict, being unemployed, and having previously attempted drug abuse treatment were related positively to the combined estimate of depression. The four scales' mean scoras also indicated that the sample was mildly depressed.  相似文献   
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Objectives: To investigate whether early versus delayed surgery for children severely affected by otitis media with effusion (OME) results in improved performance on developmental tests up to age 7 years. Design: Follow‐up of a randomised controlled trial. Setting: University of Bristol. Participants: One hundred and eighty‐two children (mean age 35 months) with persistent OME, hearing loss and speech, language or behaviour problems who were originally eligible and randomised to either early surgery or delayed surgery after a period of watchful waiting were followed‐up as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) at age 4½ and 7–8 years. Main outcome measures: Measures included behaviour, language, educational attainment tests, hearing, reading, cognition and coordination. Results: Of the original randomised trial, 88 of 92 of the early surgery and 74 of 90 of the watchful waiting group were still participating in ALSPAC. Analysis was by intention to treat. At age 4 ½ years there were significant differences in teacher assessment of language (adj OR 3.45, 95% CI: 1.42–8.39) and writing (adj OR 3.74, 95% CI: 1.51–9.27), in favour of early surgery. At age 7–8 years, there was a significant difference on teacher report of emotional problems (adj OR 4.11, 95% CI: 1.15–14.64) in favour of early surgery. There were no other significant differences. Conclusions: Early surgery for the child severely affected by OME may be associated with subtle benefits at age 4½ years. This may continue to 7–8 years but the small study size makes it difficult to distinguish these effects from chance. A larger study is recommended.  相似文献   
54.
The parasympathetic nervous system is likely to be involved in migraine pathogenesis. We hypothesized that the cholinomimetic agonist carbachol would induce headache and vasodilation of cephalic and radial arteries. Carbachol (3 µg/kg) or placebo was randomly infused into 12 healthy subjects in a double-blind crossover study. Headache was scored on a verbal rating scale from 0–10. Velocity in the middle cerebral artery (VMCA) and diameter of the superficial temporal artery (STA) and radial artery (RA) were recorded. Nine participants developed headache after carbachol compared with three after placebo. The area under the curve for headache was increased after carbachol compared with placebo both during infusion (0–30 min) ( P  = 0.042) and in the postinfusion period (30–90 min) ( P  = 0.027). Carbachol infusion caused a drop in VMCA ( P  = 0.003) and an increase in STA diameter ( P  = 0.006), but no increase in the RA diameter ( P  = 0.200). In conclusion, the study demonstrated that carbachol caused headache and dilation of cephalic arteries in healthy subjects.  相似文献   
55.

Background  

Whole body vibration (WBV) exposure at work is common and studies found evidence that this exposure might cause low back pain (LBP). A recent review concluded there is a lack of evidence of effective strategies to reduce WBV exposure. Most research in this field is focussed on the technical implications, although changing behaviour towards WBV exposure might be promising as well. Therefore, we developed an intervention programme to reduce WBV exposure in a population of drivers with the emphasis on a change in behaviour of driver and employer. The hypothesis is that an effective reduction in WBV exposure, in time, will lead to a reduction in LBP as WBV exposure is a proxy for an increased risk of LBP.  相似文献   
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57.
The effect of oxytocin infusion on uterine activity levels in slow labour   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Uterine activity was studied in 31 women who were progressing slowly in spontaneous labour. In 75%, levels of uterine activity were below the tenth centile for normal spontaneous labour (mean uterine activity integral, UAI, 593 kPas/15 min; SD 296). Following oxytocin infusion, there was a significant increase in uterine activity to a mean of 1124 kPas/15 min (SD 276), which was the same as in normal spontaneous labour. The response to oxytocin was dependent upon the pre-existing level of uterine activity, and sensitivity to oxytocin, rather than the dose rate; 84% responded to infusion rates of less than 8 mU/min. The response to oxytocin was best expressed in terms of active contraction area (uterine activity integral, UAI) or Montevideo units, rather than the frequency or active pressure of contractions. The rate of cervical dilatation following oxytocin augmentation could not be predicted either by the increase in uterine activity or by the actual level of activity achieved.  相似文献   
58.
The treatment of 332 consecutive patients referred to a peripheral vascular unit with rest pain, ulceration or gangrene of the lower limb has been studied. Ninety-seven (20 per cent) of the patients had diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes was related to adverse limb salvage and patient survival rates, this could be accounted for by the influence of initial presenting clinical features and treatment upon survival time. The influence of these factors upon survival time was still strong even when the data were stratified for diabetric status. Thus, an extensive amputation carries the worse prognosis, with a less extensive amputation intermediate between an extensive amputation and any other form of therapy. Patients with both rest pain and ulceration or gangrene have a poor prognosis when assessed by either limb salvage or mortality. The majority of the patients with less extensive amputations are diabetic. This is related to the high incidence of localized ulceration among those in the diabetic group. In diabetics, a less extensive amputation, if clinically indicated, is worthwhile because of the low incidence of a subsequent extensive amputation after a less extensive amputation and the better survival rate for those patients with less extensive amputations as compared with those with extensive amputations.  相似文献   
59.
5-Flourouracil(5-FU) is one of well known anti-cancer drugs, but its toxicity in normal lymphocytes remains a major problem in chemotherapy. The eastern traditional drug, Bupleuri radix(BR), has been used for the treatment of liver diseases and contains series of triterpene saponins.  相似文献   
60.
To ascertain the dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in clinically depressed outpatients, exploratory factor analyses were performed with the BDI-II responses of 210 adult (> or =18 years) outpatients who were diagnosed with DSM-IV depressive disorders. Two factors representing Somatic-Affective and Cognitive dimensions were found whose compositions were comparable to those previously reported by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996) for psychiatric outpatients in general. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported a model in which the BDI-II reflected one underlying second-order dimension of self-reported depression composed of two first-order factors representing cognitive and noncognitive symptoms. The clinical utility of using subscales based on these two latter first-order symptom dimensions was discussed.  相似文献   
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