Hypocholesterolaemic mechanism of bitter melon aqueous extracts via inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase and reduction of cholesterol micellar solubility

This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effects of bitter melon aqueous extracts (BMAE) in vitro, the inhibitory effects of BMAE on pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CEase) and incorporation of cholesterol into micelles were investigated. BMAE decreased the in vitro micellar solubility of cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. The conformation of CEase was investigated by means of circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence. The result revealed the decrease of α-helix contents, increase of β-sheet and exposure of aromatic amino acid residuals. The incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by BMAE. A complex was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which indicated interaction between cholesterol and BMAE. The result revealed that BMAE can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of CEase, and of micelle formation.     

Mixed Reality Combined with Three‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Updated Review with a Preliminary Case Presentation

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, virtual reality, and augmented reality technology have been used to help surgeons to complete complex total hip arthroplasty, while their respective shortcomings limit their further application. With the development of technology, mixed reality (MR) technology has been applied to improve the success rate of complicated hip arthroplasty because of its unique advantages. We presented a case of a 59‐year‐old man with an intertrochanteric fracture in the left femur, who had received a prior left hip fusion. After admission to our hospital, a left total hip arthroplasty was performed on the patient using a combination of MR technology and 3D printing technology. Before surgery, 3D reconstruction of a certain bony landmark exposed in the surgical area was first performed. Then a veneer part was designed according to the bony landmark and connected to a reference registration landmark outside the body through a connecting rod. After that, the series of parts were made into a holistic reference registration instrument using 3D printing technology, and the patient's data for bone and surrounding tissue, along with digital 3D information of the reference registration instrument, were imported into the head‐mounted display (HMD). During the operation, the disinfected reference registration instrument was installed on the selected bony landmark, and then the automatic real‐time registration was realized by HMD through recognizing the registration landmark on the reference registration instrument, whereby the patient's virtual bone and other anatomical structures were quickly and accurately superimposed on the real body of the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use MR combined with 3D printing technology in total hip arthroplasty.     

培养检验医师队伍的对策探讨

随着现代检验医学的发展,传统医学检验正在向现代化检验医学的转变,急需加强检验与临床的沟通,医师型检验人才应运而生。目前,由于相关的管理体制,人文教育,工作职责不清晰等原因,检验医师队伍发展缓慢,仍存在很多值得改善和探索的地方。因此,我们应督促检验医师队伍,要具备较高的人文精神,掌握扎实的专业知识,参与完善的培训体制,明确工作职责,提高检验医师学习临床知识,掌握和运用医学检验知识,同时加强对临床与检验医学综合运用的能力,向临床医师提供医学检验知识,更好的与临床医生沟通解决临床问题,加强对检验医师的宣传与认识,共同促进检验医师队伍的规范化发展。     

胸腔镜下心包厚壁囊肿切除术1例报告

面对来势汹汹的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),如何能够正确、快速诊断和筛检出确诊病例显得尤为重要,国内诸多科技工作者都在积极开展相关的诊断试验研究。本文回顾了目前正在开展的十余项诊断试验的注册信息,针对其中存在的共性问题进行了讨论,重点阐述了如何使用PICOS原则构造COVID-19诊断试验的研究问题,还对金标准的设置、受试者的代表性、样本量计算和同步、独立、盲法的测定等诊断试验的设计要点进行了详细说明。旨在为广大研究者提供开展COVID-19诊断试验的设计建议,帮助研究者在顶层设计阶段减少、避免偏倚,完成高质量的临床研究,为临床诊疗提供循证医学证据。     

微滴式数字PCR和实时荧光定量PCR对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者不同时间血便尿中核酸检测结果初步探讨

目的 分析微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR, ddPCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)的核酸检测结果,比较两种方法检测各类样本的差异性,为改进新型冠状病毒核酸检测方案提供数据支持。 方法 利用ddPCR和qPCR技术对已经确诊的3例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者发病不同时间的全血、尿液、粪便共22份标本进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测。 结果 两种方法对人保守区域基因扩增结果一致:全血标本信号最强,尿液次之,粪便最少;ddPCR在1份全血,1份尿液,5份粪便中检出ORF-1ab和N基因的阳性微滴,qPCR仅在3份粪便中检出上述基因,漏检的3个标本基因拷贝数平均浓度为128 copies/ml;ddPCR在发病<5、5~15、>15 d的各类标本中都有检出,qPCR检出以中晚期为主;重症病例用ddPCR均可测到阳性微滴,qPCR检测的各类标本均为阴性;轻症病例的各类标本中qPCR只有粪便核酸检测阳性,ddPCR检出率高于qPCR。 结论 ddPCR可以有效克服qPCR 灵敏度不足的难题,是对qPCR 的有益补充,尤其是针对病毒载量比较低的血液、尿液和可疑的粪便或肛拭子标本,适用于早期感染的判断及患者治愈后出院诊断。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对天津市无偿献血的影响及其对策

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情对天津市无偿献血的影响.方法 回顾性分析该市2020年无偿献血人次及献血量,并与2019年献血情况进行对比;分析2020年春节前后及2019年同期的献血情况.结果 2020年捐献全血和单采血小板的总人次较2019年均下降13.03％,献血量分别下降17.60％、10.37％.2020年与2019年春节期间捐献全血和单采血小板的人次和献血量均明显下降,但2020年献血情况持续受疫情影响.2020年1-6月全血和单采血小板的献血情况较2019年同期下降较为明显,2020年7-12月的献血情况好转,与2019年同期差距减小.结论 新冠肺炎疫情对无偿献血工作提出严峻考验.常态化疫情防控期间,分析研判疫情对无偿献血工作的影响,有利于制订更有效的预防措施抗击疫情,保障临床用血.     

TQA数据趋势与TomoTherapy输出稳定性的联系

目的:探讨TomoTherapy QualityAssurance（TQA）数据趋势与螺旋断层放疗（Helical Tomotherapy，HT）系统输出的 联系。方法:回顾性分析了本院HT系统近3年内TQA各个模块的参数和数据趋势，探讨其与HT系统的静态输出剂量和 输出能量（D20/D10）变化的相关性。结果:楔形阶梯静态模块的z轴偏移参数与HT的静态输出剂量的相关性最强（r=0.883, P<0.01）。基本剂量测定模块的出口检测器平整度值对能量变化最敏感（r=0.902），其次是楔形阶梯静态模块的能量差异 （r=0.897）和楔形阶梯螺旋模块的能量差异（r=0.852），灵敏度分别为2.3×10-4、3.1×10-4和5.7×10-4。结论:TQA有助于用户 追踪HT输出剂量和能量变化，及早进行必要的机器维护或剂量校准。