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AS Grumach RC Carmona D Lazarotti MA Ribeiro RB Rozentraub ML Racz A Weinberg MMS Carneiro-Sampaio 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1993,82(3):284-290
Breast milk samples from three groups of Brazilian women were evaluated: G1, mothers delivering term babies of low birth weight (n=16); G2, mothers delivering preterm babies of appropriate birth weight (n = 20); G3, mothers delivering term babies of appropriate birth weight ( n = 30). Milk samples were obtained at 48 h and on the 7th, 15th, 30th and 60th days after delivery and they were analyzed for lysozyme and total IgA levels and for the presence of specific antibodies against Poliovirus types I, II, III, Rotavirus, Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster and Cytomegalovirus. The groups were not statistically different in relation to mother's age, parity, type of delivery or socio-economic levels. IgA levels were higher in both low-birth-weight groups (G1 & G2) compared to the control group (G3) throughout the study period. Lysozyme levels decreased up to the 15th day, increasing thereafter up to the 60th day in all groups. Specific antibodies were detected throughout the study period, with no differences among groups. We conclude that breast milk composition of mothers delivering low-birth-weight babies (G1 & G2) was similar despite the different gestational ages. 相似文献
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Patients with recurrent prostate cancer may be treated with androgen deprivation strategies; however, most patients will develop androgen-independent prostate cancer. Strategies for treatment of this group of patients have shown significant palliation but until recently, have had no definitive increase in survival. Two large Phase III studies evaluating docetaxel-based chemotherapy were initiated to see if these could improve overall survival over mitoxantrone with prednisone. The purpose of the Tax 327 Phase III study was to determine if either weekly or every-3-week administration of docetaxel plus daily prednisone regimen could improve the overall survival for these patients as compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a palliative treatment. This study is of immense importance as it represents the first time any treatment has been shown to improve overall survival in an appropriately powered study in patients with androgen-insensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Newer approaches are now looking at combinations of other drugs with docetaxel to further improve the overall survival of patients with metastatic androgen-insensitive metastatic prostate cancer. 相似文献
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Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Context Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer mortality in US men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), specifically surgical or medical castration, is the first line of treatment against advanced prostate cancer and is also used as an adjuvant to local treatment of high-risk disease. Objective To review systematically the evidence on the risks and benefits of ADT for prostate cancer as well as clinical management of its adverse effects. Evidence Acquisition We performed MEDLINE searches of English-language literature (1966 to March 2005) using the terms androgen deprivation therapy, hormone treatment, and prostate cancer. We reviewed bibliographies of literature to extract other relevant articles. Studies were selected based on clinical pertinence, with an emphasis on controlled study design. Evidence Synthesis Androgen deprivation therapy is effective for palliation in many patients with advanced prostate cancer and improves outcomes for high-risk patients treated with radiation therapy for localized disease. Although patients with increasing prostate-specific antigen levels after local treatment without metastatic disease frequently undergo ADT, the benefits of this strategy are not clear. Adverse effects of ADT include decreased libido, impotence, hot flashes, osteopenia with increased fracture risk, metabolic alterations, and changes in cognition and mood. Conclusions Androgen deprivation therapy has clear roles in the management of advanced prostate cancer and high-risk localized disease. The benefits of ADT in other settings need to be weighed carefully against substantial risks and adverse effects on quality of life. 相似文献
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Figg WD Liu Y Arlen P Gulley J Steinberg SM Liewehr DJ Cox MC Zhai S Cremers S Parr A Yang X Chen CC Jones E Dahut WL 《The Journal of urology》2005,173(3):790-796
PURPOSE: Alendronate (AL), a potent oral bisphosphonate, blocks the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and the establishment of bone metastases in animal models. Ketoconazole (KT) has demonstrated activity in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). In this study we determined whether KT plus AL produced acceptable disease responses compared with KT alone. As the experimental design, 72 patients with progressive AIPC metastatic to bone were randomized to receive KT (1,200 mg daily) plus hydrocortisone (H) (30 mg daily) with or without AL (40 mg daily). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) consensus criteria and radiographic scans were used to determine the proportion of patients with a PSA decrease, time to progression and response duration. The pharmacokinetics of KT and AL were characterized and changes in circulating angiogenic factors were assessed. RESULTS: At a median potential followup of 23.9 months the proportion of patients with a greater than 50% decrease in PSA was similar in the KT/H/AL and KT/H, groups (50% and 47%, respectively). The median duration of response was 8.9 and 6.3 months in the KT/H/AL and KT/H groups, respectively (p = 0.125). Median progression-free survival was not significantly prolonged in the KT/H/AL group (4.6 vs 3.8 months, p = 0.27). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the 2 treatment arms but there was a trend toward improved survival in the KT/H arm (p = 0.074). Toxicity in the 2 groups was mild and there were no clear associations between changes in circulating angiogenic factor levels and clinical outcomes in either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistically significant differences in response rate, progression-free survival or overall survival between KT/H alone and KT/H plus AL treatment in patients with AIPC. The addition of AL to KT/H may increase the response duration with an acceptable safety profile compared with treatment with KT/H alone. However, the addition of AL offers no survival benefit in patients with AIPC. 相似文献