The relationship between hypertension and anxiety or depression in Hong Kong Chinese

BACKGROUND:

Psychosocial stress can be the cause or the consequence of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:

To study the association between hypertension and anxiety or depression in adults from Hong Kong, China.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Patients with diagnosed hypertension (n=197) were recruited to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. The control group comprised 182 normotensive subjects recruited using random telephone numbers.

RESULTS:

The score in the anxiety subscale (HADS-A) of the HADS correlated with age (r= −0.23, P<0.001) and sex (r=0.11, P=0.042), and was found to be higher in women. The score in the depression subscale (HADS-D) correlated with age (r=0.17, P=0.003) and hypertension (r=0.12, P=0.039), but not with sex (r=0.02, P=0.68). When the control subjects were matched for sex and age with the subjects with hypertension, the mean HADS-A score was 5.51±0.41 in 113 hypertensive subjects and 4.38±0.39 in 113 normotensive subjects (P=0.047). The mean HADS-D score was 5.56±0.39 in the hypertensive and 4.76±0.32 in the normotensive subjects (P=0.11). Multiple regression analysis using data from both groups indicated that the HADS-A score was related to the HADS-D score (β=0.49, P<0.001), age (β= −0.25, P<0.001) and sex (β=0.12, P=0.01) (R²=0.28), whereas the HADS-D score was related to the HADS-A score (β=0.48, P<0.001), age (β=0.30, P<0.001), positive smoking status (β=0.13, P=0.004) and lack of exercise habit (β=0.12, P=0.008) (R²=0.31). Hypertension was related to waist circumference, history of parental hypertension and age (R²=0.38, P<0.001). Anxiety and depression scores were rejected as independent variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hypertension was associated with anxiety but not depression; however, age, history of parental hypertension and central obesity appeared to have a stronger association with hypertension in adults from Hong Kong.     

新型长循环紫杉醇脂质体的制备及其细胞毒性

目的:制备一种新型的长循环紫杉醇脂质体,评价其质量,并考察对胃癌细胞(BGC823)的抑制作用。方法:实验于2006-05/11在凯里学院化学系实验室和黔东南州疾病预防控制中心理化科检验室进行。①包封率测定:采用超声薄膜法制备紫杉醇脂质体,用RP-HPLC测定紫杉醇脂质体的药物包封率。②稳定性测定:将紫杉醇脂质体分散在pH为6.5的磷酸缓冲液里,存放在4℃冰箱中30d,观察其包裹量的变化。③对胃癌细胞(BGC823)的抑制作用:MTT法考察在5,10,15,20mg/L4个不同药物浓度下,紫杉醇脂质体对处在对数生长期的BGC823细胞增殖的影响,并用紫杉醇游离药物作为对照。结果:①经RP-HPLC检测,这种长循环紫杉醇脂质体的药物包封率高达97.6%。②紫杉醇脂质体存放在4℃冰箱中,在长达1个月时间内不见絮凝状沉淀,在保存3,8,15,22,30d后,药物在脂质体颗粒中的包裹量分别为97.3%,96.2%,95.6%,94.9%和94.2%,在30d时间里紫杉醇脂质体在缓冲液中的药物泄漏仅有6%。③体外细胞毒性实验表明,5,10,15,20mg/L的紫杉醇注射液对BGC823细胞的抑制率分别为35.24%,48.37%,57.49%,74.84%,而相同药物浓度下的紫杉醇脂质体对BGC823细胞的抑制率为33.46%,44.15%,51.94%,68.64%。结论:①实验置备的紫杉醇脂质体实现了药物的高包封率,而且非常稳定。②紫杉醇药物浓度相同条件下,紫杉醇脂质体对BGC823细胞的抑制率低于游离的紫杉醇药物,说明脂质体对紫杉醇起到了一个很好的缓释作用。     

雪灵芝对二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝癌组织细胞的抑制作用

目的：验证雪灵芝是否具有抑制大鼠肝癌的功效。方法：实验于2003—09/2004—08在广西疾病预防控制中心SPF级动物实验室完成。选用健康成年SD大鼠160只。按体质量分层随机分为5组：空白对照组、模型组、雪灵芝高剂量组、雪灵芝中剂量组和雪灵芝低剂量组，每组32只。雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组大鼠分别灌胃2．500，1．250，0．625mL/kg雪灵芝溶液，阴性对照组和模型组灌胃等量蒸馏水，1次／d，连续60d。第61天开始雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组和模型组灌胃二乙基亚硝胺溶液，对照组灌胃等量的生理盐水。于停止灌胃90d后各组处死一半受试大鼠（雌雄各半），检测血常规及血清主要生化指标，观察各脏器大体形态改变、脏器的癌变程度。1周后给剩余大鼠灌胃雪灵芝溶液（不含二乙基亚硝胺）。7周后处死余下的一半雄性大鼠，进行相同操作。8周后处死余下的全部大鼠，操作及检测方法同前。结果：纳入的160只SD大鼠，145只进入结果分析，15只脱落。①病理切片检查结果：除阴性对照组，其他各组大鼠肝组织均发生癌变或癌前病变。雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组的癌前病变发生率与模型组相近（P〉0．05）；癌变的发生率均低于模型组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，0．01）。②大体标本检查结果：阴性对照组大鼠肝脏的大体标本均无异常改变，其他各组大鼠的肝脏有些可见表面粗糙等病理改变。模型组大体标本病理改变的阳性率高于雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。肉眼观模型组癌变发生率高于其他各组。③其他脏器检查结果：模型组2只大鼠有肝癌肺转移。结论：以较大剂量的二乙基亚硝胺连续灌胃30d可以复制大鼠肝癌模型；雪灵芝对二乙基亚硝胺诱导的大鼠肝癌具有预防和抑制的作用。     

表皮细胞培养及其临床应用

目的:对表皮细胞的培养方法、临床应用进展方面的研究成果进行综述,展望其发展趋势。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1970-01/2006-08相关表皮细胞的文献,检索词“keratinocytes,culture,skin grafting”,同时检索中国期刊网2000-01/2006-08期间的相关文献,检索词为“表皮细胞,培养,皮肤移植”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取相关文献查找全文。纳入标准:①表皮细胞的培养。②表皮细胞的移植。排除标准:综述文献、重复研究类文章。资料提炼:共收集到30篇符合标准的文献,英文文献26篇,中文文献4篇,其中与培养相关的文献19篇,与移植相关的文献11篇。资料综合:自1975年以来,表皮细胞从最初的有血清、有滋养层培养,到无血清、无滋养层培养,再到后来的自动化培养。其培养方法有了较大的发展。这些发展促进了其临床应用,从细胞悬液移植到自、异体细胞膜片移植,再到表皮细胞-生物材料复合物移植。培养和移植方法的发展使人们在治疗大面积皮肤缺损方面看到了希望。结论:目前在表皮细胞培养及其临床应用上还有不少问题需要解决,但随着表皮细胞培养方法和技术的进一步完善,特别是与纳米科学、材料科学等学科的交叉,定能在不远的将来获得理想的永久性皮肤替代物。     

高效液相色谱法测定血清中双氯芬酸浓度及在人体的药代动力学

建立了人血清中双氯芬酸的反相高效液相色谱测定方法。该法操作简便、精密度好、方法回收率为９８．２～１０２．５％，日内、日间ＲＳＤ为１．２９～４。５２％，血药浓度在０．２～１０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内呈线性关系，相关系数０；９９９９，当信噪比为２时，最低检测限为１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。健康志愿者口服１００ｍｇ双氯芬酸肠溶衣片，药代动力学过程符合一室开放模型，消除半衰期为２．１５ｈ。     

Role of Endothelium/Nitric Oxide and Cyclic AMP in Isoproterenol Potentiation of 17ß-Estradiol-Mediated Vasorelaxation

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known to have an extremely potent and prolonged vasodilator effect on the coronary arteries. Studies have shown that CGRP increased coronary blood flow and alleviated reperfusion injury in vitro. It is still unknown, however, whether exogenous CGRP has a protective effect on the reperfusion heart associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: An in vivo porcine model of CPB was established. Twenty pigs, 10 controls and 10 CGRP used animals (CGRP group), were performed a median sternotomy followed by a standard CPB. All the hearts were arrested for 45 minutes. In the CGRP group, 1mg/kg CGRP was added into the cardioplegia, and another 1mg/kg was reperfused just before the aortic cross-clamp was removed. In both groups, myocardial microvascular perfusion, coronary arterial microvessel diameter and microvessel blood flow were detected by a laser doppler flowmeter and a contact microscope with TV monitor on five consecutive time perioperatively. Result: Myocardial microvascular perfusion was significantly higher and coronary arterial microvessel diameter was larger in the CGRP group on every point of time of reperfusion compared to those in the control group. In the CGRP group, microvessel blood flow also improved significantly than that in the control group during reperfusion. Conclusion: CGRP improves myocardial microcirculation during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion associated with CPB and could become a new, potent myocardial protector.     

Preparedness for Influenza Pandemic in Hong Kong Nursing Units

BACKGROUND: To present preparedness planning for an influenza pandemic for two nursing subunits: nursing services in hospitals and schools of nursing in universities. DISCUSSION: The preparedness plan is modeled on a modified Haddon matrix, a logical approach to identify measures appropriate for the pre-event, event, and postevent phases of an influenza pandemic. For the pre-event phase, the objective is to ensure preparedness for the potential pandemic outbreak through training, communication, surveillance, infection control, and vaccination. Once the pandemic outbreak is declared, the aim is to implement effective measures to ensure a rapid and appropriate response. For the postevent phase, the plan is focused on the restoration of core functions, vigilance for a second or possibly more waves of the pandemic, and psychosocial support to staff and students. CONCLUSION: Measures required to prepare for, respond to, and manage the consequences of influenza pandemic are identified. This planning indicates the need to balance a logical approach with contextual perspectives and the importance for nursing leaders to develop plans for subunits of larger entities.     

紫外分光光度法测定复方酮康唑软膏中酮康唑和氧氟沙星的含量

目的：建立复方酮康唑软膏的含量测定方法。方法：用双波长分光光度法测定酮康唑的含量，用单波长法测定氧氟沙星的含量。结果：两被测组分的平均回收率和相对标准偏差分别为酮康唑１００．３３％和０．３２％；氧氟沙星１００．８５％和０．２７％。结论：方法简便、准确，可用于复方酮康唑软膏的质量控制。