Relationship between donor sperm parameters and pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination: analysis of 2821 cycles in 1355 couples

The aim of this study was to investigate whether sperm parameters can affect the pregnancy outcome of artificial intrauterine insemination with cryopreserved donor spermatozoon (AID). A total of 1355 couples received 2821 AID treatment cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Tongji Medical College between January 2010 and December 2013, and the data were collected and retrospectively analysed. The relationship between pre‐freezing, post‐thawing as well as optimised sperm parameters and AID pregnancy outcome was investigated. Clinical pregnancy rate and cumulated pregnancy rate were also calculated. A total of 728 cycles from 2821 treatment cycles achieved pregnancies, and cumulated pregnancy rate was 25.81%. Pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility in pregnant cycles was higher than that in nonpregnant cycles (P = 0.001); logistic regression analysis also indicated that pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility was the only parameter affecting pregnancy outcome (P = 0.0001). Our study also showed that the cumulated pregnancy rate increased progressively and reached a plateau after the fifth cycle. In conclusion, pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility should be a valuable predictor for AID pregnancy outcome. Female fertility factors should be considered, or IVF/ICSI should be recommended when couples received more than 5 AID cycles without pregnancy.     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

Free Jejunal Graft for Reconstruction of Defects in the Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus Following the Cancer Resections

Objectives  The reconstruction of esophagus defects after hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal carcinoma resection is an ongoing problem. The objective of this article was to investigate the techniques of the free jejunal graft for the reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophagus and discuss the outcome related to the procedures. Subjects and methods  From July of 2005 to December 2007, seven patients with hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer underwent free jejunal graft reconstruction of the hypopharyngeal and cervical esophagus. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy and were followed up for 7–24 months. Results  Despite the multistep and time-consuming procedure, free jejunal graft survival was 100%. Operation-induced complications did not occur in six patients. One patient developed pharyngeal fistula. Conclusion  The present experience supports the use of free jejunal grafts in reconstruction of the hypopharyngeal and cervical esophagus defects after exenteration of the central compartment of the neck. A high successful rate with low incidence of complications in reconstruction of the hypopharyngeal and cervical esophagus was obtained in this study.     

Association of serum magnesium with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the association of serum magnesium with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients who initiated peritoneal dialysis from January 1, 2013 to July 31, 2019 in the Shaoxing People's Hospital. According to the standard of serum magnesium, the patients were divided into control group (Mg≥0.7 mmol/L) and low-magnesium group (Mg﹤0.7 mmol/L). The differences in baseline biochemical variables, comorbidities, medications, and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of hypomagnesemia. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Fine-Gray model were used to compare the difference in cumulative survival rate between the two groups. Cox regression model and competitive risk model were used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Results A total of 381 peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 321 patients were in control group and 60 patients in low-magnesium group. The total median follow-up time was 27(15, 43) months. There were significant differences in serum albumin, magnesium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, low-density lipoprotein chloesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma creatinine (4 h D/Pcr) between the two groups. CVD was the main cause of death in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia (OR=0.901, 95%CI 0.831-0.976, P=0.011), hypophosphatemia (OR=0.217, 95%CI 0.080-0.591, P=0.003), higher hsCRP (OR=1.276, 95%CI 1.066-1.528, P=0.008), and higher 4 h D/Pcr (OR=1.395, 95%CI 1.014-1.919, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for patients with hypomagnesemia. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed the cumulative survival rate of patients in low-magnesium group was significantly lower than that of control group (Log-rank χ2=5.388, P=0.020). Fine-Gray model analysis showed the cumulative CVD survival rate of low-magnesium group was significantly lower than that of control group (Gray=6.915, P=0.009). Multivariate-corrected Cox regression model and competitive risk model analysis showed that higher serum magnesium level was a protective factor for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality when serum magnesium was used as a continuous variable (HR=0.137, 95%CI 0.020-0.946, P=0.044; SHR=0.037, 95%CI 0.002-0.636, P=0.023, respectively). Hypomagnesemia was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality when serum magnesium was used as categorical variable (HR=1.864, 95%CI 1.044-3.328, P=0.035; SHR=2.117, 95%CI 1.147-3.679, P=0.029, respectively). Conclusions Hypomagnesemia is susceptible to peritoneal dialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, higher hsCRP and higher peritoneal transport characteristics. Hypomagnesemia is an independent risk factor for CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients.     

Evaluation of Membrane Oxygenators and Reservoirs in Terms of Capturing Gaseous Microemboli and Pressure Drops

An increasing amount of evidence points to cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as the principal etiologic factor of neurologic complications. In this study, the capability of capturing and classification of gaseous emboli and pressure drop of three different membrane oxygenators (Sorin Apex, Terumo Capiox SX25, Maquet QUADROX) were measured in a simulated adult model of CPB using a novel ultrasound detection and classification quantifier system. The circuit was primed with 1000 mL heparinized human packed red blood cells and 1000 mL lactated Ringer's solution (total volume 2000 mL, corrected hematocrit 26–28%). After the injection of 5 mL air into the venous line, an Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier was used to simultaneously record microemboli counts at post‐pump, post‐oxygenator, and post‐arterial filter sites. Trials were conducted at normothermic (35°C) and hypothermic (25°C) conditions. Pre‐oxygenator and post‐oxygenator pressure were recorded in real time and pressure drop was calculated. Maquet QUADROX membrane oxygenator has the lowest pressure drops compared to the other two oxygenators (P < 0.001). The comparison among the three oxygenators indicated better capability of capturing gaseous emboli with the Maquet QUADROX and Terumo Capiox SX25 membrane oxygenator and more emboli may pass through the Sorin Apex membrane oxygenator. Microemboli counts uniformly increased with hypothermic perfusion (25°C). Different types of oxygenators and reservoirs have different capability of capturing gaseous emboli and transmembrane pressure drop. Based on this investigation, Maquet QUADROX membrane oxygenator has the lowest pressure drop and better capability for capturing gaseous microemboli.     

膝关节外翻畸形的人工全膝关节置换术

目的探讨膝关节外翻畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)的手术方法和临床效果。方法对1996年1月至2004年8月74例87个膝关节外翻畸形TKA手术进行回顾分析。患者男11例,女63例,平均年龄63岁(26~80岁);股胫角(股骨和胫骨解剖轴线的夹角)平均为21·59°(12°~40°);应用后稳定型假体,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解方法。随访检查膝关节活动度、X线外翻角度及KSS评分以评价手术效果。结果术后评价随访时间33·8个月(5个月~9年),根据膝关节活动度数及KSS评分评估关节功能情况。膝关节平均活动度为112·4°(80°~130°),KSS评分平均为81·7分(71~93分),比术前提高了59分;功能评分平均为86·3分,比术前提高了59·8分。所有膝关节在行TKA后外翻畸形基本得到矫正,随访时外翻度数(股胫角)平均为8·7°(0°~11°),较术前有明显改善。随访时1例患者有膝关节轻度不稳症状,1例术前严重髌脱位患者术后髌骨存在半脱位,其余正常。结论对于膝关节外翻畸形患者,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解以及安装后稳定型假体的方法,可取得比较满意的临床效果。     

包皮环切术前后包皮中触觉小体与早泄的相关性

目的观察早泄病人包皮环切术前后包皮组织中触觉小体变化情况,探讨其与早泄的关系。方法收集20～30岁早泄患者65例,按解剖及术式分为包茎组20例（传统包皮环切法）、包皮过长Ⅰ组23例（传统包皮环切法）、包皮过长Ⅱ组22例（包皮根部环切法）。用免疫组化方法对三组术前术后包皮标本中的触觉小体进行染色,显微镜下观察和统计三组包皮标本中触觉小体总数以及视野的总数,得出密度。并就三组间的差异进行统计学分析。结果三组标本中,术前包茎组和包皮过长组Ⅰ、Ⅱ中触觉小体的密度分别为36．7％和19．7％及17．5％,术后3～12月包茎组和包皮过长组Ⅰ、Ⅱ中触觉小体的密度分别为20．6％和9．7％及9．8％,手术前后其差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论传统包皮环切术对早泄改变效果更好。     

经尿道汽化电切联合膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床观察

目的探讨经尿道汽化电切术联合膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的有效性及安全性。方法将腺性膀胱炎患者38例,选用硬膜外麻醉,行经尿道电切术(TUR)切除膀胱内病灶至浅肌层;术后行羟基喜树碱或吡柔比星化疗药物膀胱灌注治疗,出院后门诊随访临床疗效。结果 38例均获随访6～36个月。30例治愈,6例好转,2例无效,其中3例术后5～16个月复发,38例均无恶变。结论经尿道电切术联合膀胱化疗药物灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎临床疗效满意,手术安全性高且易于开展,是一种有效可行的治疗方法。     

抑癌基因P53突变产物表达与卵巢癌预后的关系

采用免疫组织化学方法观察６９例卵巢癌组织Ｐ５３蛋白的表达情况，阳性率为５９．４％，随着分化程度的降低，Ｐ５３蛋白的表达增强，高、低分化癌之间Ｐ５３蛋白的阳性率有显著差异。Ⅲ￣Ⅳ期癌Ｐ５３蛋白的阳性率明显高于Ⅰ￣Ⅱ期癌，Ｐ５３蛋白阳性的病例累积生存率明显低于阴性的病例，表明Ｐ５３蛋白表达是卵巢癌进展或预后不良的标志。     

急性兔脑缺血模型MR扩散张量成像的实验研究

目的探讨实验性急性兔脑缺血磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)改变。材料与方法建立兔急性脑缺血模型,常规行T2WI、DWI、DTI检查,测量比较缺血灶和正常对照侧的平均扩散系数(ADC)值、各向异性分数(FA)值,分析彩色FA图和脑白质纤维束示踪图。结果通过比较缺血灶与正常对照侧ADC值和FA值,两者的差别有统计学意义,且病灶侧明显减低。脑白质纤维束示踪图显示病灶白质束表现为缺失、断离、稀疏,邻近白质纤维束受压。结论DTI不仅可以准确评价急性期脑缺血的灰质、白质内水分子扩散各向异性改变的特点,并且脑白质纤维束示踪图可以清楚地显示出病灶远端神经束走向改变及其完整性。本实验通过研究兔急性脑缺血模型的DTI特点,为脑缺血性疾病的研究提供了可靠的动物模型和实验理论依据。