ERK/MAPK通路参与肝癌产生多药耐药的胞内信号传导

目的探讨微环境诱导肝癌产生多药耐药的胞内信号传导途径。方法分别使HepG2细胞在缺氧、低糖环境下生长或稳定整合HBX基因,运用Western蛋白印迹法检测这些细胞内ERK／MAPK的活性。用ERK／MAPK特异性阻断剂U0126处理这些细胞后,用Western蛋白印迹法检测缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF—1α）和多药耐药相关蛋白的表达变化,逆转录聚合酶链反应和免疫细胞化学技术分别检测HIF-1α在mRNA水平表达量和部位的改变。结果不同环境下生长的HepG2细胞中,磷酸肜非磷酸化ERK／MAPK比例均有不同程度的增高。用U0126处理12h后,这些细胞中HIF-1α和多药耐药相关蛋白的表达下降,且HIF-1α表达由胞核向胞质转位,其mRNA水平无显著变化。结论ERK／MAPK信号通路是微环境诱导肝癌产生多药耐药的重要胞内信号传导途径。     

经尿道双极等离子体电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的疗效观察

目的:探讨经尿道双极等离子体电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的安全性与有效性。方法:采用英国Gyrus公司的经尿道双极等离子体电切系统行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBt)治疗膀胱肿瘤271例,患者年龄18～90岁,平均63.6岁。其中单发肿瘤160例,多发肿瘤111例,膀胱侧壁有肿瘤分布者96例。结果:首次诊断为膀胱肿瘤行经尿道双极电切术的时间为46±21(15～75)min,膀胱穿孔21例;96例侧壁肿瘤切除时出现明显的闭孔神经反射56例。随访6～72个月,复发149例,其中再次行电切术102例,行部分膀胱切除加输尿管移植术24例,行全膀胱切除术20例。结论:用双极等离子体电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤是一种安全、有效的手术方式,但不能防止闭孔神经反射的发生。     

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α is renoprotective in doxorubicin-induced glomerular injury

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic utilized in antitumor therapy; however, its clinical use is frequently impeded by renal toxic effects. As peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) has renoprotective effects in drug-related kidney injuries, we tested its ability to inhibit DOX-induced renal injury. Although both male PPAR-α knockout mice and their wild-type littermates (pure 129/SvJ background) had significant proteinuria 4 weeks after DOX treatment, those with deletion of PPAR-α had more severe proteinuria. This was associated with more serious podocyte foot process effacement compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate effectively reduced proteinuria and attenuated DOX-induced podocyte foot process effacement. Consistently, glomerular nephrin expression was significantly lower in the knockout compared with wild-type mice following DOX treatment. Fenofibrate therapy significantly blunted the reduction in glomerular nephrin levels in DOX-treated wild-type mice. In cultured podocytes, DOX induced apoptosis, increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, and decreased Bcl-2 expression, all attenuated by pretreatment with fenofibrate. Thus, PPAR-α deficiency exacerbates DOX-related renal injury, in part, due to increased podocyte apoptosis.     

经鼻内镜切除良性鼻-颅底肿瘤（附11例报告）

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除良性鼻-颅底肿瘤的疗效。方法 2004年3月～2009年11月对11例良性鼻-颅底肿瘤,鼻内镜下先切除鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤,逐渐接近颅底,仔细辨认颈内动脉等重要解剖结构,然后分块切除肿瘤,最后修复颅底缺损。结果 11例鼻-颅底肿瘤鼻内镜下全部切除,术中出血量100～450 ml,平均175 ml;手术时间105～210 min,平均146 min。术后未出现脑脊液鼻漏、细菌性脑膜炎等并发症。病理类型：巨大筛额窦囊肿2例,鼻咽纤维血管瘤3例,上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤3例,蝶窦骨化纤维瘤1例,翼腭窝神经鞘瘤1例,侧颅底炎性肌母细胞瘤1例。11例随访6～58个月,平均41个月,鼻窦CT扫描和鼻内镜复查无肿瘤局部复发。结论鼻内镜手术利于辨别颅底重要的解剖结构和肿瘤的彻底切除,是治疗鼻-颅底良性肿瘤的理想方法。     

社会影响量表中文版应用于尿失禁患者羞耻感的信效度测量

目的 考查社会影响量表中文版在国内女性尿失禁患者中应用的信度和效度.方法 采用便利抽样法选取社区女性尿失禁患者246例,进行信度分析和探索性因素分析,评定量表的信度和结构效度.结果 探索性因素分析最终保留20个条目共3个因子,累积贡献率为54.418%,3个因子是社会隔离、社会排斥、内在羞耻感.经过调整后量表的内部一致...     

低温等离子射频消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症初步探讨

目的评价低温等离子刀射频消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月～2009年12月应用低温等离子射频消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症共44例,男20例,女24例;年龄30～52岁,平均40岁。局部麻醉,在C型臂引导下操作。共46个椎间隙：单间隙42例,双间隙2例。术后随访近期效果。结果全部病例均获得随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均24个月。VAS评分术前（8.40±0.50）分,术后1周（2.60±0.53）分,末次随访（2.80±0.34）分。Oswestry评分术前（59.00±1.90）分,术后1周（30.00±1.80）分,末次随访（34.00±1.50）分。各指标术后及末次随访时与术前比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,而术后两次随访差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患者满意度80%,无任何并发症。结论经皮低温等离子刀髓核消融术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症行之有效的方法,这种技术简单、微创、安全、疗效肯定。关键是选择合适的适应证。     

Internal and external responses of anterior lumbar/lumbosacral fusion: nonlinear finite element analysis

STUDY DESIGN: Determination of external and internal responses of the human lumbosacral spine using a validated 3-dimensional finite element model. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the range of motion, disc stress, and facet joint pressure owing to anterior fusion at L4-L5 or L5-S1 level and compare with the intact spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A significant majority of finite element models of anterior lumbar interbody fusion are primarily focused on upper and middle levels, whereas lower spinal levels are most commonly treated with surgery. METHODS: A 3-dimensional L4-S1 finite element model, validated in the entire nonlinear range of the moment-rotation response, was used to determine ranges of motion, disc stress, and facet joint contact pressure under normal and 2 surgical conditions with bone graft and porous tantalum. Biomechanical responses were compared under flexion and extension loading between the 2 fusions and fusion masses and at the fused and intact segments. RESULTS: Moment-rotation responses were nonlinear under all conditions. The range of motion at the caudal level was greater than the range of motion at the rostral level in the intact spine. The range of motion of the L4-S1 spine decreased more with the caudal than rostral fusion and more with the tantulum than bone under both loading modes. Facet joint pressures increased more with the rostral than caudal fusion. Stresses in the adjacent disc were greater with the caudal than rostral fusion under both modes of loading. CONCLUSIONS: At the fused level, the caudal fusion imparted additional rigidity under flexion to the lumbosacral joint. Both fusion masses added flexibility to the adjacent segment. Under both fusion masses, increased facet joint pressure in the lumbosacral joint indicates the susceptibility of this transitional joint to long-term biomechanics-induced consequences. Increased facet joint pressures with the rostral fusion indicate that the posterior complex responds with increased load sharing, and may predispose the spine to facet-related arthropathy. Increased stresses in the adjacent disc with the caudal fusion under both modes of loading imply the potential to disc-related changes owing to long-term physiologic loading.     

体外重建受损或畸形肾血管在肾脏移植中的应用

目的探讨体外修复重建受损或畸形供肾血管对肾脏移植临床效果的影响。方法对11例供。肾有血管损伤或畸形的肾移植资料进行回顾性分析，并以同期进行的20例正常供肾肾移植病例作为对照组。体外血管重建的方法包括动脉端端吻合（3例）、端侧吻合（3例）、侧侧共干吻合（2例）、利用供体或受体髂动脉及其分支合并及延长供。肾动脉（3例）。结果术后平均随访2年，两组患者均存活；血管重建组2例而对照组3例患者术后新出现高血压或高血压加重（P=0．595），但未发现移植肾动脉狭窄；血管重建组和对照组术后肾功能延迟恢复发生率为27．3％和20％（P=0．484），急性排斥反应发生率分别为9．1％和10．0％（P=0．719）；术后1年两组内有移植肾患者的血肌酐水平分别为（110±21）和（107±23）9μmol／L（P=0．664），两组间差异无显著性。结论选择合适方法进行体外修复重建供肾受损或畸形的血管，不会影响肾移植的效果，并可以大大提高供体器官的利用率。     

肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤的相关因素与临床干预

目的:探讨肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤的相关因素与临床干预措施.方法:报告9例(10次)此种患者的临床资料.9例肾移植术后均行免疫抑制治疗.肿瘤均发生在自体肾、输尿管和膀胱:肾透明细胞癌、肾肉瘤和膀胱腺癌各1例,肾盂输尿管膀胱移行细胞癌6例,其中1例先发生膀胱腺癌后又发生肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌.肿瘤发生于移植术后8～146个月,且8例发生在应用新型免疫抑制剂之后.患者均有服用龙胆泻肝丸或冠心苏合丸史.8例接受了根治性手术,1例未能手术切除.结果:9例随访8～44个月,未能手术切除1例于术后5个月肝转移死亡.1例肉瘤复发后放弃治疗后死亡.1例膀胱肿瘤复发,行膀胱全切腹壁造瘘术,1例腺癌已出现肺和胸膜转移.另5例最后随访时存活良好.结论:肾移植术后并发泌尿系统肿瘤以移行细胞癌为多;可能与服用含马兜铃的中药和应用新型免疫抑制剂有关;根治性手术治疗、减少免疫抑制剂用量和更换免疫抑制剂种类是主要临床干预措施.     

固定矫治器在颌骨骨折复位恢复咬骀关系时的作用

目的探讨固定正畸技术治疗颌骨骨折手术复位时恢复正常咬骀关系的作用。方法利用方丝弓矫治器作为牙弓夹板对颌骨外伤患者进行术中颌关系复位、术后颁关系调整，观察其疗效。结果方丝弓矫治器治疗后，牙及颌骨复位精确，咬殆关系恢复佳，并发症少。结论固定矫治器对确定颌骨骨折手术时的咬骀关系有良好的作用，技术安全可靠。