经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的早期疗效

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折1周内的临床疗效。方法对64例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(83椎)行PVP治疗,记录术前及术后1周内疼痛VAS评分、手术前后Cobb角。结果83椎中10椎骨水泥渗漏至椎体周围及椎间隙,1椎周围静脉内出现骨水泥。VAS评分术后各时点与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后各时点比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Cobb角手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折在疼痛与稳定性上效果明确,治疗效果可在术后1 d后显现,1周内疗效稳定;PVP对椎体压缩无改善。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的临床病理学分析

目的 探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的临床及病理学特点。方法 收集经手术病理证实的13例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者临床资料进行分析。患者男5例，女8例。平均年龄38岁。肿瘤位于左侧7例，右侧5例，双侧1例。体检时B超偶然发现6例，上腹部不适或间歇性腹痛6例，高血压表现1例。血液生化检查未见特殊异常。影像学检查提示肾上腺实性占位。肿瘤最大直径平均6．7cm。结果 行开放手术治疗12例，腹腔镜手术治疗1例。13例手术顺利，无并发症发生。病理表现：肿瘤主要由成熟的神经轴突、神经束和纤维组织构成，其间散在成熟的节细胞、Schwann细胞。其中3例肿瘤部分区域细胞分化不成熟，有异形性。肿瘤伴囊性变2例，伴钙化1例。随访时间4～116个月，平均43个月，未见肿瘤局部复发和远处转移。结论 肾上腺节细胞神经瘤是少见的良性肿瘤，具有独特的病理特点，手术治疗效果良好。     

α_1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨α1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔(Naftopidil)治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的有效性及安全性。方法:采用开放、自身对照、多中心的临床试验方法,应用萘哌地尔25mg,每日1次,对106例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(NBP)患者进行了为期4周的治疗。以美国国立卫生院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIHCPSI)、前列腺液(EPS)WBC计数及最大尿流率(MFR)为疗效指标,对其有效性及安全性进行观察。结果:服药4周后,可评价病例105例。全组患者NIHCPSI总评分治疗前后平均减低12.0分(P<0.001),症状评分平均减低7.9分(P<0.001),生活质量评分平均减低4.1分(P<0.001)。EPS中WBC计数治疗前及治疗后分别为(15.2±15.1)、(9.5±12.0)个/HP(P<0.01)。MFR治疗前及治疗后分别为(19.2±4.8)、(22.7±4.9)ml/s(P<0.01)。按症状改善评价,治愈2例(1.9%),显效32例(30.5%),有效55例(52.4%),无效16例(15.2%)。总显效率为32.4%,总有效率为84.8%。3例有轻度头晕,1例食欲不佳,不良事件发生率3.81%。结论:萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎安全、有效。     

舍尼通~和抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎临床研究

目的:评价舍尼通与抗生素联合用药治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的有效性及耐受性。方法:采用双盲、平行对照、多中心临床试验研究方法,通过Stam ey试验、前列腺按摩液(EPS)常规及美国国立卫生院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI),筛选出160例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者,随机分为试验组(80例,脱落1例)和对照组(80例)。试验组前4周合用舍尼通和左氧氟沙星,后4周单用舍尼通,服用剂量为舍尼通2次/d,1片/次,左氧氟沙星2次/d,0.1 g/次;对照组方法同上,仅将舍尼通换为安慰剂。所有患者均行入组前、治疗第4周和第8周随访并行NIH-CPSI评分、EPS等检查及药物不良反应的评估。结果:治疗后4周和8周,试验组疼痛评分降低分别为3.34±2.45,4.33±3.13,排尿评分降低分别为2.22±1.79,2.77±2.04;对照组疼痛评分降低分别为2.28±2.42,3.30±3.29,排尿评分降低分别为1.24±1.67,1.83±2.25。两组治疗前后的自身对比均差异有显著性(P<0.01),生活质量影响评分差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。组间比较,试验组较对照组第4周和第8周疼痛和排尿评分差异均有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05)。两组治疗前后白细胞、卵磷脂小体差异无显著性(P>0.05),对药物的耐受性差异无显著性(P>0.05),无严重不良反应事件发生。结论:舍尼通与抗生素联合用药方案能更有效地缓解慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的疼痛不适症状和排尿症状,耐受性好,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: Epidemiology and the impact of regional lymphadenectomy on surgical outcomes

Background

Factors influencing survival in children with HCC have not been studied. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors in pediatric HCC, and to determine whether regional lymphadenectomy is associated with improved survival.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. All patients < 20 years old diagnosed with HCC from 1973–2009 were included. Disease-specific survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier statistics and Cox proportional-hazards regression.

Results

We identified 238 patients (139 Male: 99 Female). Overall, 112 (47%) received an operation (resection/transplantation). Observed mortality and adjusted hazard of disease-specific death was greater for females (HR = 2.07, p = 0.013) and older children. Among operative patients, 44% were documented to have a regional lymphadenectomy. Although demographic factors did not differ between lymphadenectomy and non-lymphadenectomy groups, patients who underwent lymphadenectomy had a greater proportion of metastatic disease (24% vs. 15%) and fibrolamellar HCC (53% vs. 31%). Five-year survival for lymphadenectomy patients was superior to non-lymphadenectomy (70% vs. 57%). Adjusted mortality for lymphadenectomy was also improved relative to non-lymphadenectomy (HR = 0.26, p = 0.013).

Conclusions

HCC in children is associated with poor survival, especially among children older than 4 years and girls. In surgical candidates, regional lymphadenectomy may be associated with improved survival.     

Safety and effectiveness of umbilical hernia repair in patients with cirrhosis

Purpose

Umbilical hernia is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis. Early studies have reported a high morbidity and mortality associated with hernia repair. The traditional approach has been to non-operatively manage umbilical hernias in patients with cirrhosis. There are emerging data suggesting that an elective repair is a preferable approach. This study examined the outcomes of umbilical hernia repair in patients with advanced liver disease and compared this with a control group of non-cirrhotic patients.

Methods

Prospective data were collected regarding the outcome of umbilical hernia repairs performed between 2004 and 2013 at the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Outcomes at 90 days were compared between patients with and without cirrhosis.

Results

79 patients with cirrhosis and 249 controls were analysed. Of the patients with cirrhosis, 9% were classified as Child–Pugh A, 61% were Child–Pugh B and 30% were Child–Pugh C. Emergency repairs for complicated hernias was undertaken in 18% of the cirrhosis population and 10% in controls (P?=?0.10). Post-operative complications occurred more commonly in patients with cirrhosis (26%) compared with controls (11%) (P?<?0.01). Emergency hernia repairs were associated with a higher complication rate in both patients with cirrhosis (62%) and controls (20%) (P?=?0.01). There was no significant difference in the rate of hernia recurrence as assessed by clinical examination between patients with cirrhosis (2.7%) and controls (6.8%) (P?=?0.17) nor in 90-day mortality between patients with cirrhosis (n?=?1, 1.3%) and the controls (n?=?0) (P?=?0.43).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of a small study cohort and therefore an underpowered study, elective surgical repair of umbilical hernias in patients with cirrhosis, including decompensated cirrhosis, may not be associated with a significant increase in mortality when compared to a control cohort. Whilst complications are higher in cirrhotic patients, there is no difference in the rate of hernia recurrence. Emergency repairs of umbilical hernias are associated with a high complication rate in cirrhotic patients.

     

介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效及安全性

目的比较介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂(RSVA)的疗效及安全性。方法选取RSVA患者22例,介入封堵治疗10例(介入组),外科手术治疗12例(手术组)。术后随访6—24个月,比较两组临床症状、是否存在残余分流、有无瓣膜反流、封堵器有无移位、肺动脉压变化及心功能状态。结果介入组均完全封堵;与术中比较,术后肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);术后即刻造影示少量残余分流1例。手术组完全封堵率为91.67%(11/12);术后出现较大的残余分流和严重低心排量综合征各1例。两组随访期内均未发生右心衰竭、栓塞、感染性心内膜炎、主动脉瓣反流、溶血和死亡等。结论介入封堵治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂与外科修补疗效相当,且具有较好的安全性。     

慢性移植肾失功后的移植肾切除手术分析

目的:分析总结因慢性移植肾失功而行移植肾切除手术患者的临床治疗经过,进一步探讨这类手术的安全性和适应证。方法:以慢性移植肾失功患者76例为研究对象,年龄23~72(36.6±13.5)岁,以上患者发生慢性移植肾失功的时间为术后11~91(35.8±24.6)个月,转入血液透析的时间为3~33(10.4±6.2)个月。76例患者均实施了移植肾切除手术,移植肾切除术后随访时间为6个月~5年。结果:平均手术时间50(35~180)min;术中平均出血量450(200~2 600)ml,平均输血量300(400~2 400)ml,其中67例进行了自体血液回收后输血。术后平均引流量250(20~1 100)ml,平均住院时间11(5~23)d。术后主要并发症:切口血肿8例,切口感染10例,消化道出血7例,心衰7例,肺部感染5例,肾上腺危象2例,下肢跛行2例。死亡4例。多数患者的体重指数、血红蛋白及血清白蛋白含量较术前有所提高。结论:慢性移植肾失功后的移植肾切除手术为高风险手术,应积极做好术前准备,同时加强围手术期护理,以降低手术并发症的发生率;积极适时地切除已经完全失功了的移植肾,有助于改善患者身体素质,避免免疫抑制的不良反应,同时有利于减轻患者本人及社会的经济负担。     

盐酸特拉唑嗪治疗中国人群良性前列腺增生患者的多中心临床研究

目的 评价维持剂量盐酸特拉唑嗪治疗中国人群BPH患者的有效性、安全性和依从性. 方法2007年6月至2008年3月在中国32家泌尿外科中心开展了多中心、前瞻性临床研究,方案为口服盐酸特拉唑嗪1～4 mg,1次/d,共4周.主要评价指标是治疗2、4周时患者IPSS变化值;次要指标是治疗4周时Qmax,QOL变化值,治疗2、4周时血压变化值以及4周内脱落率.并通过对不良事件的分析评估其安全性. 结果共纳入1006例BPH患者(FAS集),资料合格者992例(PP集),合并高血压病344例.FAS集患者IPSS从基线的22.32±6.13降至2周时的16.98±5.92以及4周时的14.00±5.52(P＜0.01);PP集患者IPSS从基线的22.32±6.15降至2周时的16.96±5.93及4周时的13.95±5.52(P＜0.01).以IPSS与基线相比下降＞30%定义为有效,2周末有效率为26.54%,4周末为60.64%.治疗4周后Qmax 和QOL均有显著增高,分别改善32%和45%(P＜0.01).对于血压正常或高血压获得控制的患者,盐酸特拉唑嗪对血压的影响较小;而对伴有未治疗或未能控制血压的高血压患者,盐酸特拉唑嗪能一定程度降低血压(P＜0.05).治疗中不良事件发生率低,最常见为头晕(3.68%).研究结束时960例仍继续服药. 结论盐酸特拉唑嗪能有效改善中国人群BPH患者症状,显著提高生活质量,同时具有良好的安全性和依从性.     

简体中文版King健康问卷在膀胱过度活动症患者中应用的信度和效度分析

目的 评价简体中文版King健康问卷(KHQ)在膀胱过度活动症(OAB)患者中应用的信度和效度.方法 采用"WHO-QOL跨文化生活质量研究问卷翻译法"将英文版KHQ翻译成简体中文,随机抽取就诊于泌尿外科门诊的OAB患者,在第0周和第2周对其进行2次简体中文版KHQ问卷调查.通过Cronbach's α系数评价问卷的内部一致性;用组内相关系数(ICC)评价重测信度;计算各问题得分与所属领域得分的Spearman等级相关系数(rs)评价内容效度;用因子分析评价结构效度.结果 48例符合纳入标准的OAB患者参与本研究,40例完成2次调查,男7例,女33例,年龄(49.6±14.3)岁.KHQ各亚量表和各领域均具有较好的内部一致性(Cronbach's α:0.7l8～0.924)、中到高的重测信度(ICC:0.567～0.995,P<0.01)以及中到高的内容效度(r:0.462～0.964,P<0.01).因子分析法显示简体中文版KHQ具有可接受的结构效度.结论简体中文版KHQ具有较好的信度和效度,可作为评估OAB患者生活质量的专用量表.