毛细管气相色谱法测定复方利福平片中异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺的含量

目的：建立复方利福平片中异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺的含量测定方法。方法：毛细管气相色谱法,以乙酰苯胺为内标,色谱柱为弹性石英毛细管柱２５ｍ ×０ ．３２ｍ ｍ ×０ ．５２μｍ （ＤＢ１） ;柱温１７０ ℃;气化室温度２５０ ℃;检测器温度２５０ ℃;载气为高纯氮。结果：异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺的线性范围分别是０ ．４２６ ～２ ．１３ｍｇｍｌ 和１ ．２３ ～６ ．１３ｍｇｍｌ;平均回收率分别为９９ ．８１ ％ 和９９ ．６３ ％ 。结论：方法简便,快速,准确,可作为该制剂的检测方法。     

肾切除250例临床资料回顾分析对活体供肾选择的意义

目的:亲属活体供肾移植效果明显优于尸体供肾,但关于活体供肾选择还处于讨论过程中。综合分析250例肾切除患者的临床资料,并结合国际活体肾移植指南进行讨论,希望为活体供肾选择提供一些数据。方法:回顾性分析2000-01/2005-12于解放军总医院第二附属医院行肾切除的250例患者的临床资料。结果:①导致肾切除疾病的种类分析:肾脏肿瘤是肾切除的主要原因,左、右肾肿瘤比值为1.3∶1,左肾肿瘤发病率略高于右肾肿瘤。随年龄增加肿瘤患病率逐渐增加,60岁以上患者肾切除病因主要为肾脏肿瘤,肾肿瘤患者占60岁以上肾切除患者的89%,左右肾患病率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。肾结核患者58例,54例发病于50岁以前,占总发病人数的93.1%,左右肾患病率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②单侧肾功损害与术后血肌酐水平变化:无单侧肾功能损害者手术后7d血肌酐水平较术前升高(21.9±21.8)μmol/L(P<0.001)。单侧肾功能严重受损者术前血肌酐水平为(104.5±24.0)μmol/L,手术后7d血肌酐水平较术前降低(12.6±16.9)μmol/L(P<0.001)。结论:①本组结果提示,肾结核发病多在<50岁时,肾肿瘤发病>60岁。②单侧肾失功的患者血肌酐若未超出正常范围,无病变肾完全可以代偿。     

煅烧骨的安全性

背景：经高温处理的煅烧骨具有类似自然骨的连续微孔结构,良好的生物相容性和降解性。 目的：观察牛煅烧骨的生物相容性、细胞相容性及毒性。 方法：①细胞相容性实验：将牛煅烧骨与第3 代已诱导的Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞复合培养。②溶血实验：将煅烧骨浸提液、生理盐水与双蒸水加入兔血中。③凝血实验：将煅烧骨加入兔血浆中。④急性毒性实验：在昆明种小鼠尾静脉分别注射煅烧骨浸提液、生理盐水。⑤微核实验：在小鼠腹腔分别注射煅烧骨浸提液、生理盐水与环磷酰胺。⑥局部刺激性实验：将煅烧骨浸提液、生理盐水分别注射于兔两侧脊柱皮下。⑦热源检测实验：在兔耳静脉注射煅烧骨浸提液。⑧皮下植入实验：将煅烧骨材料植入Wistar大鼠背部皮下。 结果与结论：煅烧骨材料无细胞毒性,具有良好的细胞及血液相容性;对皮肤、肌肉无刺激作用;对心、肝、肾重要器官无毒性作用;皮下植入后对周围组织无刺激作用,能够部分降解吸收并被机体组织替代;无致热作用,对凝血功能无影响,对小鼠骨髓细胞无抑制及毒性作用。     

全膝关节置换术中的髌骨表面置换——荟萃分析

背景：全膝关节置换术中的髌骨表面置换仍有争议。我们旨在通过对现有文献的分析来评估应用这一技术的治疗效果。 方法：搜集对比全膝关节置换术中施行与不施行髌骨表面置换的随机对照研究资料，对其进行荟萃分析。其中有意义的结果包括：再手术的例数、术后膝前疼痛的出现以及各种膝关节功能指数的改善。 结果：共分析了10项1223膝的研究结果。在术中施行髌骨表面置换研究结果中（研究间异质性评价，p〈0．01；Ⅰ^2=60％）再手术风险减少了4．6％（95％可信区间，1．9％～7.3％），意味着施行22例髌骨表面置换（95％可信区间，14～52个髌骨）才能防止1例再手术。髌骨表面置换使术后出现膝前疼痛的绝对风险减少了13.8％（95％可信区间，6．4％～21．2％），意味着施行7例髌骨表面置换可防止1例术后膝前疼痛的发生。对膝关节各种指数的改变仅有4项研究提供了足够的定量分析资料；基于这4项研究，膝关节评分平均数的改善没有显著性差异（标化均数差值为0．03；95％可信区间；-0．50～0．56）。 结论：现有证据显示髌骨表面置换降低了全膝关节置换术后再手术和出现膝前疼痛的风险。尽管研究资料的数量有限，但本结果有重要的临床意义。此外，仍需要精心设计的随机研究来进一步证明这一观点。 可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅰ级。进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

Steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy in Japan

Summary: We performed prednisone (PSL) therapy which was done in the manner of a prospective multicentre paired controlled trial. We collected 196 patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgA-N). the patients were divided into prednisone group receiving prednisone (PSL group, n = 111) and antiplatelet group receiving anti-platelet drugs only (AP group, n = 85). the mean follow-up duration was 4.7 ± 2.5 years. We observed that PSL showed beneficial effects in maintaining renal function and decreasing proteinuria for the first 3 years. In stratified subgroups with proteinuria (UP>2 g/day) and with UP>2 g/day and creatinine clearance (Ccr)< = 70 mL/min, the renal death rate at the end of follow-up in patients of PSL group showed a tendency to be less than that of AP group ( P = 0.067, P =0.095, respectively) although the renal survival rate between both groups were not significantly different. We speculated that steroid therapy might be effective in IgA-N patients with UP>2 g/day and Ccr< = 70 mL/min. Further trials should be carried out in a properly controlled, randomized, stratified manner with long-term follow up.     

小儿止咳冲剂提取工艺的实验研究

目的：寻找小儿止咳冲剂最佳提取工艺。方法：用正交试验法得到最佳提取条件。结果：以１６倍量水煎煮粗颗粒药材２次，每次０．５ｈ。结论：此提取条件为最佳。     

Differential expression of LFA-1 molecules in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia

We investigated the expression of adherence molecules lymphocyte function-associated antigens-1 alpha and -beta (LFA-1 alpha, -beta) and p150, 95 in 103 well-characterized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and lymphoid leukemias (LLs). We found that NHLs and LLs differentially express LFA-1 molecules according to their lineage derivation, degree of clinical aggressiveness, and anatomic site of involvement. Specifically, (a) T-cell neoplasms nearly always express these molecules; (b) diffuse aggressive B-cell NHLs and mature LLs often lack LFA-1 alpha molecules; and (c) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is often LFA-1 alpha-negative while B-cell small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLLs) are nearly always LFA-1 alpha-positive. Furthermore, the low expression of LFA-1 alpha in CLL is related to the low degree of homotypic lymphocyte adhesion after tumor promoter antigen stimulation that does not modulate the expression of LFA-1 alpha in vitro. The differential expression of LFA-1 by B-cell CLL and SLL and their degree of homotypic lymphocyte adhesion may account for the distinct anatomic compartmentalization and characteristic clinical behavior of these two morphologically and immunologically similar lymphoid malignancies.     

7-甲氧基-4′-羟基-3′-二乙胺甲基异黄酮(MHDF)对大鼠血流动力学和主动脉的作用

本实验观察了MHDF对整体大鼠血流动力学和离体大鼠胸主动脉的作用。结果表明iv MHDF(3～12.8 mg/kg)能降低大鼠左心室±dp/dt_(max),V_(max),V_(pm)和LVSP,延长T-dp/dt_(max),减慢心率。MHDF还能舒张大鼠胸主动脉,ED_(50)为6.5×10~(-6)mol/L;非竞争拮抗NA和CaCl_2致主脉收缩,pD_2′为3.11±0.21和3.73±0.07;抑制高K~ 致主动脉收缩,IC_(50)为1.76×10~(-5)mol/L。提示MHDF对血管的作用与α受体阻断剂不同,而可能与钙拮抗有关。     

蛇床子素对去卵巢大鼠近侧胫骨代谢影响的定量研究

切除3月龄SD大鼠双侧卵巢12周后,其骨形成的参数值明显增加(%L.Pm+58%,BFR/BV+105%,BFR/BS+74%,%O.Pm+188%),同时骨吸收的参数值增加(%Er.Pm+155%),荧光标记周长与吸收周长的比率-41%,由于骨吸收大于骨形成,骨质丢失(%Tb.Ar-59%,Tb.Th-14%),出现高转换型骨质疏松。分别用蛇床子素(osthole)6.7mg·kg^-1ig,每周6次,尼尔雌醇(nilestri-ol) 1 mg·kg^-1ig,每周1次,持续12周,均能明显抑制去卵巢诱导的骨高转换,防止骨质丢失。但蛇床子素抑制骨高转换的效应比尼尔雌醇低(蛇床子素治疗组比尼尔雌醇治疗组%Tb.Ar-55%)。