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91.
92.
The role of dietary factors in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is reviewed by examining three different aspects: the effect of an acute protein load, the effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of nephropathy and the metabolic effects of low-protein diets. After an acute protein load some impairment of the renal functional reserve may be observed only in patients with type 1 diabetes and overt nephropathy. However, the renal functional reserve is not able to give useful indications of the extent of renal damage and the prognosis of the disease. Both short-term and long-term dietary protein restriction are followed by a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria in type 1 diabetics with incipient nephropathy. In patients with overt nephropathy the long-term administration of a low-protein diet is followed by significant reductions in the rate of decline of GFR and in urinary protein excretion only when started at GFR values higher than 45 ml/min. The rate of functional deterioration when dietary treatment is prescribed seems critical in modulating the effects of a low-protein diet. In addition, low-protein diets may exert important metabolic and clinical effects beyond their supposed effect on progression. Clearly, an adequate dietary regimen is only part of the medical treatment in patients with diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
93.
Prevalence of hereditary ataxias and spastic paraplegias in Molise,a region of Italy 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Alessandro Filla Giuseppe De Michele Roberto Marconi Luigi Bucci Carmine Carillo Anna Elisa Castellano Lucio Iorio Claudio Kniahynicki Francesco Rossi Giuseppe Campanella 《Journal of neurology》1992,239(6):351-353
Summary An epidemiological survey of hereditary ataxias and paraplegias was conducted in Molise, a region of Italy (335, 211 inhabitants on 1 January 1989). Total prevalence was 7.5 x 10–5 inhabitants (95% confidence limits 4.8–11.1). There were 7 patients with Friedreich's disease, 5 with early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes, 4 with ataxia-telangiectasia, 9 with hereditary spastic paraplegias (2 autosomal dominant and 7 autosomal recessive cases). There was no patient with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. 相似文献
94.
95.
Zollino M Lecce R Selicorni A Murdolo M Mancuso I Marangi G Zampino G Garavelli L Ferrarini A Rocchi M Opitz JM Neri G 《European journal of human genetics : EJHG》2004,12(10):797-804
A total of five Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) patient with a 4p16.3 de novo microdeletion was referred because of genotype-phenotype inconsistencies, first explained as phenotypic variability of the WHS. The actual deletion size was found to be about 12 Mb in three patients, 5 Mb in another one and 20 Mb in the last one, leading us to hypothesize the presence of an extrachromosome segment on the deleted 4p. A der(4)(4qter --> p16.1::8p23 --> pter) chromosome, resulting from an unbalanced de novo translocation was, in fact, detected in four patients and a der(4)(4qter --> q32::4p15.3 --> qter) in the last. Unbalanced t(4;8) translocations were maternal in origin, the rec(4p;4q) was paternal. With the purpose of verifying frequency and specificity of this phenomenon, we investigated yet another group of 20 WHS patients with de novo large deletions (n = 13) or microdeletions (n = 7) and with apparently straightforward genotype-phenotype correlations. The rearrangement was paternal in origin, and occurred as a single anomaly in 19 out of 20 patients. In the remaining patient, the deleted chromosome 4 was maternally derived and consisted of a der(4)(4qter --> 4p16.3::8p23 --> 8pter). In conclusions, we observed that 20% (5/25) of de novo WHS-associated rearrangements were maternal in origin and 80% (20/25) were paternal. All the maternally derived rearrangements were de novo unbalanced t(4;8) translocations and showed specific clinical phenotypes. Paternally derived rearrangements were usually isolated deletions. It can be inferred that a double, cryptic chromosome imbalance is an important factor for phenotypic variability in WHS. It acts either by masking the actual deletion size or by doubling a quantitative change of the genome. 相似文献
96.
Pelosi G Scarpa A Veronesi G Spaggiari L Del Curto B Moore PS Maisonneuve P Sonzogni A Masullo M Viale G 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2005,447(6):969-977
Nuclear translocation of β-catenin has been correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression/activation
in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Less is known on β-catenin transactivation in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and
on the status of β-catenin activating EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) or β-catenin target genes
cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). β-catenin immunoreactivity was evaluated in 51 large-cell neuroendocrine
carcinomas (LCNEC) and 45 small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). Nineteen cases were assessed for β-catenin gene exon 3 mutations, expression of MMP-7, and expression/gene amplification of EGFR, HER-2, and cyclin D1. β-catenin was
expressed in all 96 high-grade neuroendocrine tumors, the vast majority (94%) showing >50% immunopositive cells. A disarrayed
immunoreactivity, however, was commonly encountered consisting in variably altered membrane-associated patterns of staining
along with progressive accumulation of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In LCNEC, but not in SCLC, the disarrayed patterns correlated
with EGFR and HER-2 protein expression. β-catenin nuclear accumulation was found in nine tumors, including seven LCNEC and
two SCLC, and was always associated with disarrayed immunoreactivity and increased MMP-7, but not cyclin D1 expression. These
cases, however, did not show β-catenin gene mutations or EGFR and HER-2 gene amplification or expression. No association was found between nuclear β-catenin and
any clinicopathological variable including patients' survival. The subcellular compartmentalization of β-catenin is profoundly
altered in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. A minor subset of these tumors shows β-catenin nuclear accumulation
in association with increased expression of MMP-7, but not of cyclin D1, independent of EGFR and HER-2 gene amplification
or expression.
The authors have no significant financial or other relationship with the manufacturers of any commercial products or commercial
services presented in this paper 相似文献
97.
Chiara Leoni Elizabeth Katherine Anna Triumbari Catello Vollono Roberta Onesimo Maria Podagrosi Valentina Giorgio Eliza Kuczynska Stefania Veltri Marco Tartaglia Giuseppe Zampino 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2019,179(6):940-947
Pain in individuals with RASopathies is a neglected topic in literature. In this article, we assessed prevalence and profile of pain in a sample of 80 individuals affected by RASopathies. The study sample included individuals with Noonan syndrome (N = 42), Costello syndrome (N = 17), and cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (N = 21). A set of standardized questionnaires and scales were administered (VAS/numeric scale, r‐FLACC, Wang‐Baker scale, NPSI, BPI, NCCPC‐R) to detect and characterize acute and chronic pain and to study the influence of pain on quality of life (PEDs‐QL, SF‐36) and sleeping patterns (SDSC); revision of past medical history and multisystemic evaluation was provided. Available clinical data were correlated to the presence of pain. High prevalence of acute (44%) and chronic (61%) pain was documented in the examined sample. Due to age and intellectual disability, acute pain was localized in 18/35 individuals and chronic pain in 33/49. Muscle‐skeletal and abdominal pain was more frequently reported. The intensity of acute and chronic pain interfered with daily activities in 1/3 of the sample. Pain negatively impacted on QoL and sleeping patterns. This work documents that pain is highly prevalent in RASopathies. Future studies including subjective and objective measures of pain are required to discriminate a somatosensory abnormality from an abnormal elaboration of painful stimuli at a central level. 相似文献
98.
99.
Colacurci N Chiàntera A Fornaro F de Novellis V Manzella D Arciello A Chiàntera V Improta L Paolisso G 《Menopause (New York, N.Y.)》2005,12(3):299-307
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone administration on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Sixty naturally postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive isoflavone or placebo tablets for 6 months. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was measured by brachial reactivity technique along with levels of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin and soluble thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, and tissue plasminogen activator. Differences between endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were assessed by evaluating brachial reactivity parameters after reactive hyperemia and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin; furthermore, in the active group, the effect of isoflavones was also evaluated during the intra-arterial infusion of N-monomethyl-L-arginine. Serum levels of lipids [high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a)] and hemostatic factors (prothrombin, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and fibrin D-dimer) were also measured. To confirm the absorption of isoflavones, their blood concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Isoflavone treatment versus placebo was associated with a significant improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation but had no impact on endothelial-independent arterial diameter and flow. Intra-arterial infusion of N-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited the significant effect of isoflavones on endothelium-mediated vasodilatation. Furthermore, isoflavone group experienced statistically significant reductions in plasma concentrations of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Levels of soluble thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, lipids, and hemostatic factors did not change significantly throughout the study in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a positive influence of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women as evidenced by an improvement in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and a reduction in plasma adhesion molecule levels. 相似文献
100.
O'Brien SG Guilhot F Larson RA Gathmann I Baccarani M Cervantes F Cornelissen JJ Fischer T Hochhaus A Hughes T Lechner K Nielsen JL Rousselot P Reiffers J Saglio G Shepherd J Simonsson B Gratwohl A Goldman JM Kantarjian H Taylor K Verhoef G Bolton AE Capdeville R Druker BJ;IRIS Investigators 《The New England journal of medicine》2003,348(11):994-1004