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排序方式: 共有592条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Risks of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases in sexual partner networks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
BACKGROUND: A person's risk for acquiring infection and their role in continued transmission has traditionally been assessed on the basis of individual characteristics. Recently, network studies have attempted to relate individual risks to position in the wider network. GOAL: To assess the importance of local and global network structures in assessing the risk of acquiring and transmitting infection. STUDY DESIGN: An individual-based simulation model was used to construct a variety of potential network structures and track the transmission of infection over time. Logistic and Poisson regression were used to identify which measures of network position influence a person's risk for acquiring and transmitting infection. RESULTS: Measures of local centrality were more important to risk of acquisition, whereas global centrality mattered more to transmission. Continuous snowball sampling, rather than a fixed number of waves, better estimates a person's risks. CONCLUSIONS: There is an asymmetry regarding the risk of acquiring and transmitting infection. 相似文献
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Clinical utility of serum HER2/neu in monitoring and prediction of progression-free survival in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapies 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Esteva FJ Cheli CD Fritsche H Fornier M Slamon D Thiel RP Luftner D Ghani F 《Breast cancer research : BCR》2005,7(4):R436-R443
Introduction
The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical utility of serum HER2/neu in monitoring metastatic breast cancer patients undergoing trastuzumab-based therapy and to compare these results with those obtained using cancer antigen (CA) 15-3. We also sought to determine whether early changes in serum HER2/neu concentrations could be a predictor of progression-free survival. 相似文献35.
Kampa RJ Ghani KR Wahed S Patel U Anson KM 《Journal of endourology / Endourological Society》2005,19(7):856-860
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stone size forms the basis of management pathways in patients with urolithiasis. We carried out a questionnaire-based audit to find out how stone size is routinely measured by radiologists in the UK. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 831 anonymous questionnaires concerning how stone size is assessed using four imaging modalities--plain abdominal radiograph (KUB film), intravenous urogram (IVU), ultrasound, and CT--were sent to 277 radiology departments. Following the survey, a substudy at our institution compared urologists (N = 10) and radiologists (N = 5) in estimating the size of a large (26-mm) and small (11- mm) calculus on KUB films. RESULTS: Of the questionnaires, 425 were returned, and 421 were analyzed. Of these, 85% were from consultants, 14% from trainees/middle grades, and 1% "unspecified." In total, 92% of the respondents were radiologists (10% uroradiologists) and 8% urologists. Estimation of stone size ("guestimation") from KUB films and IVUs was used by 40% and 36% of radiologists, respectively, whereas graded rulers were used by 57% and 59%, respectively. For ultrasound scans and CT, electronic measurement was the favored method (81% and 73%), but guestimation was still used by 10% and 15%, respectively. When assessing the KUB films and IVU, 59% and 61% of urologists, respectively, also used guestimation. The substudy revealed a significant difference among radiologists in the accuracy of size estimation for the 11-mm stone (mean estimated size 9.6 mm; P = 0.02, one-sample t-test). CONCLUSION: A large proportion of radiologists use guestimation for assessing stone size on KUB films and IVU. Even when electronic measuring aids were available for CT and ultrasonography, guestimates remained prevalent. Our substudy showed that radiologists significantly underestimated the smaller stone. 相似文献
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Dermatoses of the male genital area are widely diverse clinically and etiologically. Both dermatologists and urologists are involved in diagnosing and treating those dermatoses. This article will focus mainly on the important or commonly encountered entities classified according to their etiology as infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular, nervoid or other. 相似文献
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Ghani F 《Evidence-based dentistry》2005,6(2):39-40
DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, OLDMedline, Embase, Zetoc (Zetoc provides access to the British Library's electronic table of contents of approx. 20,000 current journals and 16,000 conference proceedings published per year. The database covers 1993 to date and is updated daily. It includes an e-mail alert service to enable you to keep up-to-date with relevant new articles and papers), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) (SIGLE is a bibliographic database covering European non-conventional (or 'grey') literature in the fields of pure and applied science and technology, economics, social sciences and humanities), and the Science Citation Index were used to source studies. Reference lists of identified, relevant trials and review articles were scanned. Unpublished data were sought through personal contact with experts in the field. There was no language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-RCT were selected that recruited edentulous adults and compared complete dentures with different occlusal schemes, with regard to patient satisfaction and masticatory function. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The quality assessment of included trials was undertaken independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. Data were also extracted by two reviewers independently. Disagreements were discussed and a third reviewer consulted as necessary. Authors were contacted for clarification or missing information. Data were excluded until further clarification if agreement could not be reached. RESULTS: Thirteen trials were thought to be potentially relevant. Ten of these studies were subsequently excluded following further analysis. Two trials require further information from the author before being considered eligible for inclusion. Only one crossover trial (n=30), which compared lingualised teeth and zero-degree teeth, fully met the review's inclusion criteria. Twenty patients preferred the lingualised denture, five the zero-degree denture and five patients had no preference. There was a statistically significant difference in favour of the lingualised denture with an odds ratio of 10.00 (95% confidence interval, 2.04-48.96). CONCLUSIONS: There is weak evidence that it may be advantageous for dentists who provide a complete denture service to prescribe prosthetic posterior teeth with cusps, rather than cuspless teeth, to improve patient satisfaction. This conclusion may only be made tentatively until further, well-conducted trials are undertaken that compare different occlusal schemes for complete dentures. 相似文献
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G A Ghani 《Anesthesia and analgesia》1983,62(9):855-856
40.