延髓背外侧综合征的临床及影像学研究

目的探讨延髓背外侧综合征（lateral medullary syndrome,LMS）的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析26例延髓背外侧综合征的临床及影像学资料。结果26例均急性或亚急性起病,首发症状为头晕、言语不清、吞咽困难者22例,占84.6%。常见的临床表现有吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳（88.5%）;眩晕、呕吐、眼震（76.9%）;共济失调（61.5%）;Horner征（53.8%）以及交叉性感觉障碍（50.0%）。MRI以延髓背外侧长T1长T2信号为主要影像学特征。26例患者经治疗均好转出院,其中痊愈6例（23.7%）20例遗留有一定的后遗症,包括咽反射减弱6例,共济失调5例,感觉障碍5例,轻度Horner征3例,轻度周围性面瘫1例。结论延髓背外侧综合征首发症状多为头晕、言语不清、吞咽困难。MRI检查对诊断的敏感性高。早期诊断、早期治疗、预防并发症的发生是改善预后的关键。     

Translocation of classical PKC and cortical granule exocytosis of human oocyte in germinal vesicle and metaphase Ⅱ stage

AIM: Protein kinase C (PKC) is as a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by Ca2+, phospholipid and diacylglycerol. PKC plays an important role in oocyte maturation and activation. This study was undertaken to investigate classical PKC (cPKC) in human oocyte maturation and activation. METHODS: Germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes were collected from healthy women. The expression and distribution of cPKC were investigated by immunoflourescence. MII oocytes were treated with PKC activator or inhibitor and imaged using a laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). RESULTS: In GV oocytes, PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma were localized to the germinal vesicles, with a weak expression in ooplasm. In MII oocytes, PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma were distributed evenly in ooplasm. After treatment with PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), cPKC translocated to the periphery of oocyte, and cortical granules (CG) exocytosis was found. When the oocytes were treated with PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, no translocation of cPKC and CG exocytosis were found. CONCLUSION: PKCalpha, beta1 and gamma exist in human oocytes and activation of these subunits could induce CG exocytosis in MII stage.     

多靶点抗肿瘤新药索拉非尼的药理作用及临床研究进展

索拉非尼(sorafenib)是一种口服多激酶抑制剂,为一新的多靶点抗肿瘤药,能抑制肿瘤血管形成及肿瘤细胞增殖。临床研究表明,索拉非尼能有效治疗肾细胞癌晚期患者,并延长其无疾病进展期和总生存期,索拉非尼对其他癌症的作用也正在研究中。索拉非尼的常见不良反应有皮疹、手足综合征、高血压及腹泻等。     

奥氮平的国内临床应用概况

目的：总结奥氮平在国内的临床应用情况。方法：汇总国内公开发表的9种杂志中刊登的临床应用文献27篇，综合其治疗方法、疗效和不良反应等情况。结果：经PANSS，BPRS，SANS，SAPS，和TESS等量表测试和临床观察，认为奥氮平对治疗精神分裂症有相当的疗效；临床疗效等同或优于氯氮平、利培酮和舒必利；对精神分裂症的思维障碍和敌对猜疑疗效显著；对精神分裂症的阳性症状、阴性症状有效。不良反应小，安全性高，患者依从性好。结论：奥氮平可选用于精神分裂症等精神病的治疗，是目前比较满意的抗精神病药物。     

鱼腥草类注射液临床严重不良反应的原因研究（Ⅰ）

由于鱼腥草类注射液在临床应用中多次出现严重不良反应,我们利用豚鼠及 Beagle 犬进行了有关动物实验研究,结果证明助溶剂聚山梨酯80是引起鱼腥草类注射液临床严重不良反应的主要原因之一。     

氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠胰岛组织中转化生长因子-β_1 Smad7蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)受体阻滞剂氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠胰岛组织中转化生长因子(TGF)-β1、Smad7表达的影响,从而验证氯沙坦在糖尿病大鼠胰腺组织纤维化中的作用。方法以健康成年Wistar大鼠为实验对象,随机分为正常组、糖尿病对照组和糖尿病氯沙坦干预组3组。正常组以普通饲料喂养,糖尿病对照组和糖尿病氯沙坦干预组以高脂高热量饲料喂养。8周后予糖尿病对照组和糖尿病氯沙坦干预组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后,对糖尿病氯沙坦干预组大鼠给予氯沙坦30 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃治疗,8周后检测各组大鼠的体质量、血糖、血胰岛素,然后处死取出胰腺组织,采用免疫组织化学方法检测胰岛组织中TGF-β1、Smad7蛋白的表达,用彩色病理图像分析系统进行定量分析。结果糖尿病对照组较正常对照组血糖增高,血胰岛素水平降低,并有明显的体质量减轻;胰岛组织中的TGF-β1蛋白含量增加,Smad7蛋白含量减少。氯沙坦干预组较糖尿病对照组各项指标均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AngⅡ受体阻滞剂氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠胰岛组织纤维化有一定抑制作用,其作用机制可能与调节TGF-β1/Smads信号转导通路有关。     

缩泉丸与琥珀酸索利那新联合治疗肾虚型膀胱过度活动症72例临床观察

目的:观察中药缩泉丸汤剂联合琥珀酸索利那新治疗肾虚型膀胱过度活动症临床疗效.方法:将72例肾虚型膀胱过度活动症患者随机分为2组,对照组36例予琥珀酸索利那新治疗,治疗组36例在对照组治疗基础上加用中药缩泉丸汤剂治疗.2组均服药6周.结果:治疗组治疗后24 h平均排尿次数少于对照组(P＜0.05),每次排尿量多于对照组(P＜0.05).2组治疗后平均24 h尿失禁次数比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗组不良反应率低于对照(P＜0.05).结论:缩泉丸联合琥珀酸索利那新治疗肾虚型膀胱过度活动症疗效确切.     

妥洛特罗贴剂和常规方法在儿童喘息性疾病治疗中的疗效对比观察

目的：观察妥洛特罗贴剂在儿童喘息性疾病治疗中的临床效果,为临床提供依据。方法：选取2013年10月～2015年10月医院儿科诊治的200例喘息性疾病患儿资料进行分析,随机分为两组,每组100例。对照组给予对症方法治疗,实验组采用妥洛特罗贴剂治疗,比较两组临床治疗效果。结果：实验组咳喘消失时间、喘鸣音消失时间、湿啰音消失时间,显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患儿治疗前肺功能指标、IgE和外周血EOS水平差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;实验组治疗后肺功能指标,显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;实验组治疗后IgE和外周血EOS水平,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：儿童喘息性疾病采用妥洛特罗贴剂治疗效果理想,能改善患儿临床症状,值得推广。     

Tetrandrine inhibits human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro

Tetrandrine (TET) has been reported to induce anti‐cancer activity in many human cancer cells and also to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. However, there are no reports to show TET inhibits cell migration and invasion in human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells. In this study, we investigated the anti‐metastasis effects of TET on GBM 8401 cells in vitro. Under sub‐lethal concentrations (from 1, 5 up to 10 μM), TET significantly inhibited cell mobility, migration and invasion of GBM 8401 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell assays. Gelatin zymography assay showed that TET inhibited MMP‐2 activity in GBM 8401 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TET inhibited several key metastasis‐related proteins, such as p‐EGFR_(Tyr1068), SOS‐1, GRB2, Ras, p‐AKT_(Ser473) and p‐AKT_(Thr308), NF‐κB‐p65, Snail, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, NF‐κB, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 that were significant reduction at 24 and 48 hours treatment by TET. TET reduced MAPK signaling associated proteins such as p‐JNK1/2 and p‐c‐Jun in GBM 8401 cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assay was used to investigate NF‐κB and DNA binding was reduced by TET in a dose‐dependently. Based on these findings, we suggested that TET could be used in anti‐metastasis of human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cells in the future.