鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床观察

目的：观察鼻腔内窥镜下行鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年6月在我院收治的慢性泪囊炎患者39例（40只眼）,采用鼻腔内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术进行手术治疗,术后随访3～6个月,观察术眼流脓、溢泪等情况。结果鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗39例（40只眼）患者,治愈35例（36只眼）,好转3例（3只眼）,无效1例（1只眼）。治愈率90％,好转率7．5％,无效率2．5％。结论经鼻内窥镜下行鼻腔泪囊造孔术治疗慢性泪囊炎,疗效确切。具有手术简单、创伤小、出血少、无需面部切口、面部不留疤痕等优点。     

难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术疗效观察

目的:观察难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术临床疗效。方法:选择我院80例86眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜植入术组(实验组)43眼和复合式小梁切除术组(对照组)43眼。观察术后眼压、滤过泡形成情况及并发症。结果:随诊12mo,平均眼压:实验组15.5±1.1mmHg,对照组19.7±2.5mmHg,两组术后平均眼压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);功能性滤过泡:实验组(86%)较对照组(67%)多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症(浅前房、脉络膜脱离和滤过泡渗漏)发生率实验组明显低于对照组。结论:复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼具有手术成功率高,术后并发症发生率低的特点。     

Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors among Children with Intellectual Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Chinese children with intellectual disability, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 558 children with intellectual disability aged 6–18 years in Hong Kong, and 452 (81.0%) with valid data were included in the data analysis. Blood pressure was measured according to a standard protocol. Hypertension was defined using the age-, gender-, and height-specific classification criteria recommended by the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Children. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression was fitted to examine the associations of hypertension with potential risk factors. Overall, 31.4% of the participants were classified as having hypertension. Obese children were more likely to develop hypertension than non-obese children (adjusted OR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.99, p = 0.010). A paternal education of college or above and a paternal occupation of clerks, sales representatives, and workers were also associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is high among Chinese children with intellectual disability. Obesity was the strongest risk factor. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings. Nevertheless, preventions against obesity are promising to receive doubled benefits in reducing both obesity and hypertension, given its strong relationship with hypertension in this special population.     

胆道发育不良患儿的临床病理特点回顾

目的 探讨胆道发育不良患儿的临床表现、病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析天津市儿童医院外科2010年6月至2016年11月收治的5例胆道发育不良患儿的发病情况、治疗过程,并通过复习国内外文献对胆道发育不良的疾病特点进行总结.结果 5例胆道发育不良患儿均因生后不久出现皮肤、巩膜黄染,内科治疗病情无改善入外科治疗;肝功能检查见胆红素水平升高,以直接胆红素升高为主,伴肝酶不同程度增高;超声检查示胆囊干瘪未充盈或胆囊腔狭小,胆总管显示不清.5例患儿行手术探查,术中造影显示肝内、外胆道通畅,管腔纤细;病理检查见部分汇管区中小叶间胆管缺失,小叶间胆管/汇管区＜0.5,诊断为胆道发育不良,予留置胆囊引流管,术后抗炎、补液、保肝及对症治疗.经2个月～6年门诊随访,5例患儿均存活至今,其中3例黄疸清除,1例皮肤仍黄染并伴有瘙痒,1例未退黄.结论 术前检查提示梗阻性黄疸患儿,术中造影提示胆道纤细,结合病理检查证实小叶间胆管/汇管区比例＜0.5,可以明确胆道发育不良的诊断.     

Optimal level of 25‐(OH)D in children in Nanjing (32°N Lat) during winter

Background: The optimal serum level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐(OH)D) for bone health is still unclear, especially in children. Hypovitaminosis D is also re‐emerging in developed and developing countries. The purpose of the present study was therefore to determine optimal serum 25‐(OH)D level and preliminarily identify the vitamin D nutritional status in Nanjing children. Methods: All subjects (76 healthy, 66 suffering from infectious diseases) aged 0–10 years were recruited during the period December 2007–March 2008. Venous blood samples were collected before breakfast and the levels of serum 25‐(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) were determined. The optimal level of serum 25‐(OH)D was explored using the three response curves of 25‐(OH)D versus PTH, 25‐(OH)D versus BAP, and 25‐(OH)D versus Ca×P product. Results: For 25‐(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L, PTH and BAP were both inversely correlated with 25‐(OH)D (PTH, r=?0.864, P < 0.01; BAP, r=?0.856, P < 0.01). For 25‐(OH)D > 50–60 nmol/L, levels of PTH and BAP remained steady. With regard to the Ca×P product, for 25‐(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/L, Ca×P product increased as 25‐(OH)D increased (r= 0.037, P > 0.05). For 25‐(OH)D > 50–60 nmol/L, Ca×P product remained steady. The mean serum level of 25‐(OH)D was 80.5 ± 29.3 nmol/L (mean ± SD) in the healthy children, and 65.7 ± 32.3 nmol/L in the sick children. Conclusion: The optimal 25‐(OH)D level may be 50–60 nmol/L for bone health in Nanjing children. The vitamin D nutritional status of Nanjing children is relatively good in winter.     

学龄前听障儿童助听后言语流畅性的特征及影响因素

目的 分析学龄前听障儿童助听后言语流畅性的特征,探讨辅听装置、年龄、性别、语训时长对其言语流畅性的影响.方法 以109例3.5~6.5岁学龄前健听及听障儿童为研究对象,其中健听儿童30例(健听组),双耳佩戴助听器的听障儿童28例(助听器组),右耳植入人工耳蜗的听障儿童26例(人工耳蜗组),同时佩戴助听器和人工耳蜗双耳双模式助听的听障儿童25例(双模式组),通过主题对话的形式分别采集各组儿童的语音样本,比较各组儿童在自发性言语语言任务下的语速、停顿、重复和拖延差异;分析辅听装置、年龄、性别、语训时长等因素对听障儿童言语流畅性的影响.结果 ①健听组儿童的语速显著高于其他三组(P<0.05),健听组停顿次数显著低于人工耳蜗组(P=0.001)和双模式组(P=0.032);健听组拖延次数显著低于助听器组(P=0.001)和双模式组(P=0.001),极显著低于人工耳蜗组(P<0.001);②不同性别听障儿童语速、停顿、重复次数和拖延次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而助听器组语速显著高于人工耳蜗组(P=0.045),人工耳蜗组停顿次数显著高于助听器组(P=0.028);3.5~5岁听障儿童语速显著低于5.1~6.5岁组(P=0.042);语训0~2.5年听障儿童语速显著低于语训>2.5年者(P=0.002),停顿及重复次数均高于语训>2.5年者(分别P=0.047,P=0.02).结论 听障儿童的语速低于健听儿童,停顿次数、拖延次数高于健听儿童;年龄、辅听装置、语训时长影响学龄前听障儿童的言语流畅性,性别影响不大.     

食管鳞状细胞癌中转移相关lncRNAs的生物学和临床相关性

食管鳞状细胞癌是世界上最常见的癌症之一,转移快、预后差、死亡人数多。其中主要的死亡原因之一是转移。转移是由一系列细胞信号通路多方面共同作用的过程。长非编码RNA(lncRNAs)作为转录调控因子,可以调控多种基因组过程和细胞过程,如细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等。lncRNAs也被证明参与/调节与肿瘤转移相关的信号通路。因此,它们在分子肿瘤学研究中越来越受关注。许多研究人员试图揭示lncRNAs在食管癌发生和转移中的生物学和临床相关性,包括诊断、预后和治疗反应。本文就lncRNAs在食管癌转移中的生物学作用以及转移相关的lncRNAs在肿瘤诊断和预后中的临床意义作一综述。     

C-reactive protein promotes atherosclerosis by increasing LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells

Background and Purpose

The retention of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in subendothelial space following transcytosis across the endothelium is the initial step of atherosclerosis. Whether or not C-reactive protein (CRP) can directly affect the transcytosis of LDL is not clear. Here we have examined the effect of CRP on transcytosis of LDL across endothelial cells and have explored the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

Effects of CRP on transcytosis of FITC-labelled LDL were examined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and venous rings in vitro and, in vivo, ApoE^-/- mice. Laser scanning confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Oil Red O staining were used to assay LDL.

Key Results

CRP increased transcytosis of LDL. An NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, and the reducing agent, dithiothreitol partly or completely blocked CRP-stimulated increase of LDL transcytosis. The PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, blocked the trafficking of the molecules responsible for transcytosis. Confocal imaging analysis revealed that CRP stimulated LDL uptake by endothelial cells and vessel walls. In ApoE^-/- mice, CRP significantly promoted early changes of atherosclerosis, which were blocked by inhibitors of transcytosis.

Conclusions and Implications

CRP promoted atherosclerosis by directly increasing the transcytosis of LDL across endothelial cells and increasing LDL retention in vascular walls. These actions of CRP were associated with generation of reactive oxygen species, activation of PKC and Src, and translocation of caveolar or soluble forms of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein.     

对《中国药典》2005年版一部中药制剂收载品种遴选的建议

《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)为国家颁布的法典,历来被作为药品生产、供应、检验和监督管理部门共同遵循的法定依据。纵观《中国药典》的编写历程,从1953年版第一部《中国药典》中药内容的阙如,到1963年版中药材和中药制剂的首次收载,历经1977年版、1985年版、1990年版、1995     

显微共聚焦拉曼技术在细菌分类鉴定中的应用

拉曼光谱可以用于识别和描述微生物的特征,作为当今微生物分类鉴定研究的热点.相比于传统的微生物分离培养技术和分子生物学鉴定技术,拉曼技术具有免培养、快速和高效等优点.随着光学领域拉曼技术和分子生物学的结合发展,使得微生物的鉴定变得更加高效快捷.拉曼显微光谱结合稳定同位素探针、荧光原位杂交和光镊技术,为研究生态系统中不可培...