多发性硬化患者外周血单个核细胞IL—2,IFN—γ和TNF—αmRN…

应用逆转录／聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ／ＰＣＲ）和狭缝印迹分子交发技术，研究１７例多发性硬化（ＭＳ）患者外周血单个核细胞ＩＬ－２，ＩＦＮ－γ和ＴＮＦ－α的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果发现存３种细胞因子的ｍＲＮＡ表达的高于健康对照组，治疗后病程处于稳定期的ＭＳ患者ＩＦＮ－γ和ＴＮＦ－α的ｍＲＮＡ表达恢复正常水平，但ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ仍保持高水平，此结果表明炎性细胞因子（ＩＦＮ－γ和ＴＮＦ－α）参与ＭＳ发病过程，并可作为     

米口袋化学成分的研究

从米口袋（Gueldenstae dtia multiflora Bge.）中分离得到11个化合物,应用光谱学和化学方法鉴定了其中7个化合物的结构,分别为黑麦草内酯、烈香杜鹃素Ⅰ、木栓醇、木栓酮、4-烯-3-酮豆甾烷、A’-Neogammacer-22（29）-en-3β-ol,acetate和β-谷甾醇。7个化合物均从该植物中首次分离得到,其中化合物Ⅰ是该植物中的水溶性成分。     

Differential effects of cyclosporine A, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate, and rapamycin on CD154 induction and requirement for NFkappaB: implications for tolerance induction

BACKGROUND: Recent experimental data indicate that the targeting of the costimulatory molecule CD40-ligand (CD154) may well offer an opportunity for tolerance induction in transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune diseases, although the optimal therapeutic strategy for clinical application of CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is unclear. METHODS: We undertook vascularized heterotopic cardiac allograft transplantation in completely MHC-mismatched mice, treated recipients with CD154 mAb plus various immunosuppressive agents, and performed flow cytometric analysis of CD154 expression by T cells activated in vitro in the presence of corresponding immunosuppressive agents. We also tested the extent to which CD154 induction was NFkappaB-dependent by using NFkappaB/p50-deficient mice as allograft recipients and as source of cells for in vitro studies of CD154 induction, and through use of proteasome inhibitors to block IkappaBalpha degradation and NFKB activation in wild-type mice. RESULTS: Concomitant use of cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone, but not rapamycin or mycophenolate, inhibited CD154 mAb-induced allograft survival. The differential effects of these agents on CD154 mAb-induced tolerance correlated with their capacity to inhibit activation-induced CD154 expression on CD4+ T cells. Full expression of CD154 expression was found to require NF-kappaB activation, and CD154 mAb was ineffective in NF-kappaB/p50 deficient allograft recipients or control mice in which NF-kappaB activation was blocked by proteasome inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to use CD154 mAb clinically must take into account the effects of immunosuppressive agents on CD154 induction, which seems to be at least partially NF-kappaB dependent. Our data suggest that ligation of surface-expressed CD154 provides an important signal that modulates T cell activation and thereby contributes to the effects of CD154 mAb, in addition to previously recognized actions involving blockade of CD40/CD154-dependent cell activation and activation-induced cell death.     

Screening of Organophosphate Flame Retardants with Placentation-Disrupting Effects in Human Trophoblast Organoid Model and Characterization of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice

Background: Abnormal placental development may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic diseases in adulthood; however, it remains unknown whether and how xenobiotics affect human placentation.Objectives: This study aimed to screen and identify placentation-disrupting chemicals in commonly used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and, if identified, to investigate potential adverse effects on placentation in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorder in offspring in mice.Methods: We devised a high-throughput immunofluorescence screening assay based on human trophoblast organoids and used it to screen OPFRs that inhibit the proliferation of organoids. One identified chemical was assessed for its effects on placentation by evaluating villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts using immunofluorescence and a mitochondrial stress test after 2 d of exposure. A 10-d exposure study was further performed to observe the dynamic effect of the OPFR on the structure of the organoids. RNA-sequencing and western blotting experiments were performed to explore the associated pathways, and a potential binding protein was identified by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase activity assays. Animal studies were performed to determine whether the findings in organoids could be replicated in mice and to observe adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results: The proliferation of organoids exposed to three aryl-OPFRs was significantly lower than the proliferation of control organoids. Further analysis demonstrated that one such chemical, 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), disrupted placentation in organoids. Mechanistically, EHDPP interfered with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) to inhibit aerobic respiration. Mice exposed to EHDPP at a physiological human concentrations exhibited immature and mature placental disorders, which correlated with fetal growth restriction, implantation failure, stillbirth, and impaired glucose tolerance.Conclusions: The human trophoblast organoid model showed that the commonly used OPFRs disrupted placentation via IGF1R, indicating that its use may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring. https://doi.org/10.1289/{"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"EHP10273","term_id":"372009658","term_text":"EHP10273"}}EHP10273     

慢性高原病肾功能及血脂的变化

目的探讨慢性高原病(CMS)患者肾功能及血脂的变化。方法选择移居海拔4 300 m 3个月以上的汉族男性青年323名,其中CMS患者87名,为CMS组,其余236名为非CMS组。清晨抽取空腹静脉血检测尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。以血红蛋白(18 g<血红蛋白<21 g,记0分,血红蛋白≥21 g,记3分)及动脉血氧饱和度(动脉血氧饱和度≤85%,记3分)记分。分别以1,2,3分表示轻、中、重度。无CMS总记分为0~5分,轻度为6~10分,中度为11~14分,重度为15分或更高。结果CMS组较非CMS组尿素氮、尿酸增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05);总胆固醇增高,三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),肌酐、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CMS引起肾功能指标及血脂异常,提示CMS伴有多器官或组织受损。     

鼻内镜手术治疗上颌窦后鼻孔息肉23例

目的探讨上颌窦后鼻孔息肉(Antrochoanal polyp,ACP)的临床表现及治疗方法。方法对23例上颌窦后鼻孔息肉患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果所有病例均采用鼻内镜手术治疗,手术效果良好,无并发症,随访0.5~3年均无复发。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗上颌窦后鼻孔息肉的好方法。     

颈动脉支架置入术对无症状性颈动脉高度狭窄患者认知功能的影响

目的：探讨颈动脉支架置入术对无症状性颈动脉高度狭窄患者认知功能的影响。方法选择2009年9月至2012年12月期间在该科住院患者156例（狭窄程度大于或等于70％）,行颈动脉支架置入术。在支架置入术前1周内及置入术后3个月采用阿尔茨海默病评估量表认知部分（ADAS‐Cog）、简易智能量表（MMSE）、连线测验（TMTa、TMTb）对患者的认知功能进行评估。结果所有患者均安全、成功的置入颈动脉支架,其中1例患者术后失访。与术前相比,术后3个月患者的认知功能均有所改善,术前术后比较：ADAS‐Cog[（6．60±2．04）分vs．（5．16±1．63）分,P＜0．01],MMSE[（26．32±1．06）分vs．（27．05±1．46）分,P＜0．01],TMTa[（108．94±17．42）分vs．（94．70±20．27）分,P＜0．01],TMTb[（178．65±21．77）分vs．（148．92±23．65）分,P＜0．01],术后3个月内无新发脑梗死。结论颈动脉狭窄可能为认知功能减退的原因之一,颈动脉支架置入术可以改善无症状颈动脉狭窄患者认知功能。     

微信干预在急诊科肌肉骨骼损伤患者中的应用效果研究

目的 探讨微信干预对急诊科肌肉骨骼损伤患者心境、应对方式及满意度的效果.方法 选取2016年9月至2017年3月在郑州市某三级甲等医院急诊科就诊的76例肌肉骨骼损伤患者,分为对照组和干预组,每组38例.对照组给予急诊科常规引导、健康宣教及电话随访;干预组在对照组常规引导、宣教的基础上,由急诊信息化研究小组通过微信推送肌肉骨骼损伤相关信息,通过网络通信进行个性化指导、回答患者疑问.干预1周后比较两组患者心境、应对方式及患者满意度.结果 干预1周后,干预组简明心境量表[(41.55±8.40)分]、Grogan患者满意度量表[(83.45±8.07)分]得分均低于对照组的(46.13±9.37)、(94.58±9.49)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组干预后面对应对、回避应对、屈服应对均有明显改变(P<0.05).结论运用微信干预能够改善急诊科肌肉骨骼损伤患者心境及医疗应对方式,提高患者的满意度,值得推广.     

2009-2012年北京市2118例发育性髋关节发育不良筛查工作中体格检查的可靠性分析

目的 探讨体格检查在发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)筛查工作中作为诊断依据的可靠性.方法 2 118例就诊于北京儿童医院DDH筛查门诊的患儿纳入本研究,所有病例经过病史采集,体格检查以及影像学检查后做出确定诊断,分析体格检查、病史与DDH的关联,评估体格检查结果作为初筛转诊的依据是否可靠.结果 2 118例患儿中,年龄＜6个月组DDH患儿126例,6个月～1岁组DDH患儿50例;＞1岁组DDH患儿10例.体格检查最常见的为双下肢皮纹不对称,其次主要有双髋外展不对称、双髋外展受限、双下肢不等长、髋关节外展弹响.3个年龄组中,体格检查阳性与最终确诊DDH存在一致性(P＜ 0.05).结论 体格检查结果作为DDH筛查工作的诊断依据是可靠的,但最终诊断需要根据患儿病史、体格检查、影像学检查结果综合判断.     

CATCH模式在住院患者跌倒安全管理中的应用

目的探讨和评估CATCH模式在住院患者跌倒安全管理中的临床效果及应用。方法对我院2015年1月至2016年12月应用CATCH模式进行对跌倒风险进行全面、全程、全员参与的系统管理前后的跌倒上报事件的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中2015年1月至2015年12月我院未应用CATCH模式进行系统管理收治患者总床日数为1399473例,2016年1月至2016年12月我院应用CATCH模式进行系统管理后收治患者总床日数为1411789例。分析应用CATCH模式的前后两组两组患者跌倒发生情况、特征及对于护理工作的满意程度。结果与未应用CATCH模式进行对跌倒风险管理的2015年相比,2016年我院患者在住院期间跌倒数降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,跌倒后造成总体伤害率较2015年显著降低(P<0.05),跌倒后1级伤害的发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。同时,2016年患者对于护理工作的满意度明显更高(P<0.05)。结论以跌倒高危因素为切入点,以多学科合作、综合预防为核心,通过应用CATCH模式进行多学科合作的管理团队更为全面有效,该模式值得借鉴和推广。