Evaluation of association between 9 genetic polymorphism and myocardial infarction in the Siberian population

AIM: to evaluate association between genetic polymorphism (SNPs) and myocardial infarction (identified in recent GWAS) as markers of high risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in Siberian population. Patients were divided into 2 groups - MI patients and control group (ratio 1:2) and presented the sapmle of population of Novosibirsk (9400 patients, 45-69 years) within international project HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe). 200 patients with MI (129 men, 71 women) were included. Control group - individuals without MI (420) matched for age and sex. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood by phenol-chloroform extraction. Gene polymorphism of genes tested by real-time PCR according to protocol (probes TaqMan, Applied Biosystems, USA) with the use of ABI 7900HT. The following SNPs were studied: rs28711149, rs499818, rs619203, rs10757278 and rs1333049 (hr. 9), rs1376251, rs2549513, rs4804611, rs17465637. The association of SNP and MI was confirmed for 4 of 9 studied SNPs: rs1333049 (hr. 9), rs10757278 (hr. 9), rs499818 (hr. 6), rs619203 gene ROS1. Heart rate was associated with rs1333049 and rs10757278. Glucose level was associated with rs619203, rs28711149 and rs1376251. Total cholesterol and atherogenic index was associated with rs28711149. For the first time in Russian population the associations of GWAS with myocardial infarction SNPs was detected for rs619203, rs499818, rs1333049 and rs10757278. These genetic markers can be used for assessing the risk of myocardial infarction in Russian population.     

Severe nosocomial pneumonia – emphasis on nebulized tobramycin

ObjectiveTo estimate the efficacy and safety of nebulized tobramycin (NT) as an adjunct to systemic antibiotics in the treatment of severe nosocomial pneumonia (NP).Methods25 mechanically ventilated patients (out of 150 screened) were enrolled in the current observational single-center study. They were randomized to receive either NT (300 mg, BID; group 1, n=15) as an adjunct to systemic antibiotics or for a correction of the regimen of systemic antibiotics (group 2, n=10). The primary outcome measure was resolution of NP and acute respiratory insufficiency. The CPIS, signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and oxygenation index were used as objective indicators of the clinical progress.ResultsThe following signs of NT efficacy were detected in 87% of group 1 patients: a decrease of SIRS and CPIS scores within (2.3±1.2) d of NT therapy (P<0.05); decrease of microbes titer to 10³–10⁴ CFU/mL (P<0.05); increase of microbes sensitivity to systemic antibiotics in 40% of patients; positive X-ray dynamics in 60% of patients within (9.0±2.5) d of NT therapy. No serious side effects of NT were observed.ConclusionsAdministration of NT as an adjunct to systemic antibiotics is efficient and safe in 87% of patients with severe NP caused by multiresistant gram-negative bacteria.     

Prenatal express-diagnosis by the method of QF-PCR and automatic microelectroforesis with microarrays

The modern molecular-genetic methods have been implementing actively into the medical practiee.They improve diagnostic accuracy,help to prognosticate the course of oncological diseases,optimize the res...     

Pre‐exposure prophylaxis: awareness,acceptability and risk compensation behaviour among men who have sex with men and the transgender population

Objectives

This exploratory study examined the facilitators of and barriers to acceptance of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and potential risk compensation behaviour emerging from its use among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals (TGs) in India.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to 400 individuals registered with a targeted intervention programme. Logistic regression models were used to identify facilitators of and barriers to PrEP acceptance.

Results

The respondents consisted of 68% MSM and 32% TGs. Risk behaviour categorization identified 40% as low risk, 41% as medium risk and, 19% as high risk for HIV infection. About 93% of the respondents were unaware of PrEP, but once informed about it, 99% were willing to use PrEP. The facilitators of PrEP acceptance were some schooling [odds ratio (OR) 2.16; P = 0.51], being married or in a live‐in relationship (OR 2.08; P = 0.46), having a high calculated risk (OR 3.12; P = 0.33), and having a high self‐perceived risk (OR 1.8; P = 0.35). Increasing age (OR 2.12; P = 0.04) was a significant barrier. TGs had higher odds of acceptance of PrEP under conditions of additional cost (OR 2.12; P = 0.02) and once‐daily pill (OR 2.85; P = 0.04). Individuals identified as low risk for HIV infection showed lower odds of potential risk compensation, defined as more sexual partners (OR 0.8; P = 0.35), unsafe sex with new partners (OR 0.71; P = 0.16), and decreased condom use with regular partners (OR 0.95; P = 0.84), as compared with medium‐risk individuals. The associations, although not statistically significant, are nevertheless important for public health action given the limited scientific evidence on PrEP use among MSM and TGs in India.

Conclusions

With high acceptability and a low likelihood of risk compensation behaviour, PrEP can be considered as an effective prevention strategy for HIV infection among MSM and TGs in India.

     

不同焦虑水平的操作员在有目的竞争活动中的心理生理参数

研究并讨论了在模拟状态下飞行员的心理－生理活动的焦虑水平。焦虑指的是一种特定的性格状态，从事危险职业的人由于经常性地受到紧张因素的影响，会产生长期的或暂时的焦虑。研究结果表明，当选拔在复杂环境条件下工作的操作者时，应优先考虑低焦虑水平的人；而当小组共同完成任务时，应着重考虑焦虑水平相当的人。     

Benign Pneumatosis Intestinalis with Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Liver Transplant Recipient

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) occurred in a pediatric liver transplant recipient experiencing chronic rejection. Signs and symptoms included abdominal distention, subcutaneous emphysema, fever, and malaise. Antibiotic treatment and nasogastric decompression resulted in prompt relief of symptoms, and surgery was not necessary. The etiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of this rare condition are discussed.