一叶萩的化学成分

目的：对一叶萩枝叶的化学成分进行研究。方法：应用各种色谱技术从一叶萩总碱部位中分离化合物，根据理化常数和波谱（NMR及MS等）分析方法对化合物的结构进行鉴定。结果：自一叶萩枝叶的总碱部位中分离得到11个化合物。分别鉴定为：（-）-15β-ethoxy-14，15-dihvdroviroallosecurinine（1），一叶萩碱（securinine，2），二氢一叶萩碱（14，15-dihydrosecurinine，3），4-epiph），llanthine（4），securitinine（5），右旋别一叶萩碱（viroallosecurinine，6），一叶萩醇A（securinol A，7），secu’amamineA（8），ent-phyllanthidine（9），（＋）-aquilegiohde（10）和（＋）-menisdaurilide（11）。结论：1为新化合物，4，8，10和11为首次从一叶萩中分离得到。     

Image-guided study of swine anatomy as a tool for urologic surgery research and training

Purpose:To describe the anatomy of the swine urinary system using computed tomography and to discuss the role of this animal as an experimental model for urological procedures.Methods:Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography and the anatomy of the urinary system and renal circulation was analyzed and described.Results:In all animals, 2 kidneys, 2 ureters and one bladder were identified. Each kidney presented a single renal artery vascularization, with a mean diameter on the right of 4.45 and 5.31 mm on the left (p < 0.0001) and single renal vein drainage, with a mean diameter on the right of 5.78 and 5.82 mm on the left (p = 0.0336). The average renal length was 9.85 cm on the right and 10.30 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average renal volume was 113.70 cm³ on the right and 109.70 cm³ on the left (p < 0.0001). The average length of the ureter was 19.78 cm on the right and 22.08 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average bladder volume was 423.70 cm³.Conclusions:The data obtained show similarities with human anatomy, suggesting the viability of the swine model for planning preclinical trials, basic research, refinement in experimental surgery and surgical training for urological procedures.Key words: Urologic Surgical Procedures, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Anatomy, Swine     

The effect of iron on the biodistribution of bone scanning agents in humans

Nine patients with chronic iron overload, resulting from either repeated transfusions or hemochromatosis, had bone scans that were characterized by a reduction of bony uptake, marked increase in renal activity, and a significant increase in soft-tissue accumulation of 99mTc-labeled bone-seeking agents. These findings were supported by semiquantitative computer analysis. The probable mechanisms of altered biodistribution and the possible role of serum ferritin are discussed. The importance of realizing the effect of excess iron on skeletal scintigraphy is further emphasized by the results of bone scanning in another patient in whom acute iron overload following infusion of iron-dextran resulted in excessive blood pool labeling.     

澳门特别行政区初三学生的睡眠质量、睡眠模式与抑郁、焦虑情绪

目的:了解澳门特别行政区初三年级学生的睡眠质量、模式与抑郁、焦虑情绪的关系。方法:抽取澳门535名初中三年级学生,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评估睡眠质量,爱泼沃斯思睡量表(ESS)以及清晨型和夜晚型量表(MEQ)调查白天思睡与睡眠模式,用贝克抑郁量表(BDI)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)调查抑郁、焦虑状况。结果:PSQI和ESS得分分别为(5.2±2.6)和(8.4±4.7),女生PSQI[(5.5±2.5)vs.(4.8±2.6)]和ESS[(8.9±4.6)vs.(8.0±4.8)]得分高于男生(均P0.05)。MEQ平均得分(13.3±3.1),女生得分低于男生[(12.8±3.0)vs.(13.7±3.2),P0.01]。学生周末和假日的总睡眠时间长于平日总睡眠时间[(608±106)min,(605±109)min vs.(457±75)min],女生周末[(628±110)min vs.(590±97)min]和假期[(631±109)min vs.(581±103)min]平均睡眠时间长于男生(均P0.01)。BDI和STAI得分分别为(13.5±10.3)、(78.9±17)。睡眠质量差和白天思睡者MEQ得分、上学日睡眠时间低于睡眠质量好和无白天思睡者MEQ得分,而睡眠质量差和白天思睡者BDI得分高于睡眠质量好和无白天思睡者BDI得分(均P0.05)。PSQI分别与ESS、BDI,以及STAI中的TAI分呈正相关(r=0.27、0.37、0.12,均P0.05),而与M EQ和上学日总睡眠时间呈负相关(r=-0.30、-0.30,均P0.05)。结论:睡眠质量差和白天思睡在澳门初三学生中较为普遍,他们在上学日的平均睡眠时间不足,但在周末和假日则延长睡眠时间以作补充,其中女生更易出现上述睡眠模式。大部分学生有轻度抑郁,睡眠质量差可能与其抑郁、焦虑状况相关。     

Mutations and impaired function of LKB1 in familial and non-familial Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and a sporadic testicular cancer

Germline mutations in LKB1 have been reported to underlie familial Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) with intestinal hamartomatous polyps and an elevated risk of various neoplasms. To investigate the prevalence of LKB1 germline mutations in PJS more generally, we studied samples from 33 unrelated PJS patients including eight non-familial sporadic patients, 20 familial patients and five patients with unknown family history. Nineteen germline mutations were identified, 12 (60%) in familial and four (50%) in sporadic cases. LKB1 mutations were not detected in 14 (42%) patients, indicating that the existence of additional minor PJS loci cannot be excluded. LKB1 is predicted to encode a serine/threonine kinase. To demonstrate the putative Lkb1 kinase function and to study the consequences of LKB1 mutations in PJS and sporadic tumors, we have analyzed the kinase activity of wild-type and mutant Lkb1 proteins. Interestingly, while most of the small deletions or missense mutations resulted in loss-of-function alleles, one missense mutation (G163D) previously identified in a sporadic testicular tumor demonstrated severely impaired but detectable kinase activity.      

Comparative Study of Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia Biglobosa Against Enterobacteria

Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaf and stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth. (Mimosaceae) were tested against clinical isolates Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Enterococcus faecalis, and corresponding collection strains E. coli CIP 105 182, Salmonella enterica CIP 105 150, Shigella dysenteriae CIP 54-51 and Enterococcus faecalis CIP 103 907. Discs of Gentamicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic were used as positive controls. The results showed that all the extracts possess antimicrobial activities. A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of the leaves and that of the bark showed that for all the tested microorganisms, the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark is more active than the aqueous extract of the leaf. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves is as effective as the aqueous extract of the stem bark prescribed by the traditional healer, suggesting it is possible to use leaves other than the roots and bark. The phytochemical screening showed that sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, tannins, reducing compounds, coumarins, anthocyanosides, flavonosides are present in both bark and leaf but in different concentrations.     

Association of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic polymorphisms with serum lipid profile： meta-analysis of mendelian randomisation studies

Background Alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 （ALDH2） are the key en- zymes for alcohol metabolism. Several genetic studies have investigated the association between ADH and ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms and serum lipid profile （SLP）, however, the results were inconsistent. Methods Fourteen articles involving 27,917 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Weighted mean difference （WMD） and 95% confidence intervals （CIs） were presented using random effects model. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Begg＇s test. In addition, to further explore the heterogeneity, subgroup analysis were performed. Results Overall, there was no association between ADH genetic polymorphisms and SLP with no regard for drinking status. However, compared with ALDH2 wild homozygous genotype, ALDH2 mutant genotypes were associated with significant decrease in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL- C） （WMD -1.80 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.88 to -1.72, P 〈 0.001） and total cholesterol （TC） levels （WMD -1.]0 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.59 to -0.62, P 〈 0.001）, and significant increase in serum low density lipoprotein choles- terol （LDL-C） level （WMD 0.30 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.43, P 〈 0.001）. Although there was no significant difference in serum triglyceride level in the overall population, subgroup analysis revealed that compared with ALDH2 ＊ 1 wild homozygote, ALDH2 ＊ 2 allele displayed a significant difference in serum triglyceride level between the female and male （female： WMD 1.69 mg/dl, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.30, P 〈 0.001; male： WMD -6.42 mg/dL, 95% CI -12.15 to -0.68, P = 0.028）. Conclusion ADH genetic polymorphism has no association with SLP, regardless of sex category and drinking status. ALDH2 genetic polymorphism has slight association with HDL-C, LDL-C and TC levels and sex-specific association with serum triglyceride level. Whether or not the association between ADH2 genetic polymorphisms and SLP is resulted from alcohol con-sumption nee