'To touch them, is to love them': effects of direct experience with condoms on adolescents' attitudes toward condoms

The present study examined the effect of a short physical interactionwith condoms (opening packages, taking out the condoms and unrollingthem) on the attitude toward condoms and on intended condomuse. Using a pre-post experimental design, 101 adolescents wererandomly assigned to one experimental and four control groups.Subjects in the experimental group handled condoms for about10 min, answering questions about the difficulty of performingthe instructed tasks. In the first control group, subjects completeda filler questionnaire on HIV infection. Subjects in a secondcontrol group watched a peer from the experimental group andanswered similar questions about the difficulty of performingthe tasks. The attention of subjects in the third control groupwas focused away from the features of condoms that are associatedwith their use; subjects were instructed to look at the condomsand complete a filler task. Subjects in a last control groupwere to observe subjects from Control group 3 and to completethe same filler task. Results indicated that having a short,direct experience with condoms failed to influence the attitudetoward condom use and intended condom use. Post hoc examinationof the effects in the control groups, however, suggested thatinducing an affective focus in subjects resulted in positiveattitudinal changes and had a positive effect on the expectationto use condoms in the future.     

T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术检测人CEA

目的 建立检测人CEA的T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术.方法 以亲和素作为连接分子,连接生物素化的检测抗体和生物素化的DNA,加入T7RNA聚合酶进行转录扩增反应,对生成的RNA产物进行荧光检测,并同时进行夹心ELISA方法检测人CEA.结果 成功的建立了检测人CEA的T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术,其检测CEA的灵敏度达2×10 -3 ng/ml,比夹心EL ISA 方法灵敏度高125倍.结论 T7 RNA聚合酶催化的荧光扩增技术较夹心ELISA方法具有更高的敏感性,有可能作为一种新的检测方法用于临床的早期诊断.     

Effect of wrist and ulna head position on gliding resistance of the extensor digitorum minimi and extensor digitorum communis III tendons: a cadaver study.

While attrition from sharp bony surfaces is the most common cause of extensor digiti minimi (EDM) tendon rupture, the etiology of other cases of spontaneous EDM tendon rupture is still unknown. Friction within the compartment may play a role, especially with ulna dislocation. The purpose of this study was to compare gliding resistance of the EDM tendon with that of a tendon which rarely ruptures spontaneously, the extensor digitorum communis of the middle finger (EDC III) tendon, under various wrist and ulna head positions. Eight fresh frozen cadavers were used. Gliding resistance between the tendon and its sheath in each compartment was measured in five different wrist positions and three different ulna head positions. Gliding resistance of the EDM tendon (0.13 +/- 0.03 N) was significantly greater than the EDC III tendon (0.09 +/- 0.03 N) (p < 0.05). For the EDM tendon, the gliding resistance in ulnar deviation or pronation was higher than the gliding resistance in neutral, radial deviation, or supination (p < 0.05), and the gliding resistance with ulnar lengthening (over 6 mm) or dorsal ulnar dislocation (over 9 mm) was higher than in neutral ulnar head positioning. For the EDC III tendon, the gliding resistance in ulnar deviation was significantly higher than the gliding resistance in neutral, radial deviation, or supination, or dorsal dislocation with ulnar lengthening (p < 0.05). Wrist ulnar deviation, ulnar dorsal dislocation (over 9 mm), and ulnar lengthening (over 6 mm) increased the gliding resistance of the EDM tendon. In patients at risk for EDM rupture, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis or distal radioulnar joint osteoarthritis, avoiding such positions may be advantageous.     

散发性脑炎频谱分析

目的探讨散发性脑炎患者的定量脑电图频谱分布特征及该技术临床应用的可能性。方法对４３例临床确诊的散发性脑炎和２０例健康对照组进行定量脑电图频谱分析。结果散发性脑炎组主频均数＜６Ｈｚ，与对照组比较，Ｐ＜０．０ｌ，散发性脑炎组σ、θ相对功率值均比对照组明显增高。结论定量脑电图主频分布及各频段相对功率值在诊断散发性脑炎中有一定的临床应用价值。     

步行量和体成分的中日比较研究

目的 为了解中日儿童及成人的步行和体成分及其相互关系.方法 以中国上海市和日本琦玉县的小学生和成人为对象,采用西铁城 TW02-001电子式步数计测定步行量,FUTREX-5000A体成分测定仪测量体脂百分比.结果 1.中国男女小学生的平均每日步行量分别为12426步和10387步,低于日本小学生(男15 340步,女11 617步),体脂百分比中国男女生分别为21.2%和15.8%,高于日本(男18.9%,女13.1%).中国男女成人的平均每日步行量分别为9826步和8748步,高于日本成人(男:8411步,女7599步);体脂百分比分别为17.5%(男)和25.8%(女),而日本男性为19.8%,女性为26.0%.2.不同活动水平的小学生和成人,其血压和体成分均有差异,步行量高者的血压和体脂百分比都较低.本研究还计算出以肱三头肌皮脂厚度以(X)推测儿童体脂百分比(Y)的回归方程为:Y=10.6646+0.5856X.结论 作为日常生活的步行可促进肥胖发生率的降低.     

预变神经段修复神经缺损的实验研究

目的探讨不同预变时间组移植神经对神经再生的影响。方法以ＳＤ大鼠的不同预变时间组的尺神经作为移植神经，修复其正中神经的缺损。实验侧按移植神经预变时间的不同分为０、１、２、３、４、８周共６组，每组６只ＳＤ大鼠。移植后１２周，检测实验侧趾屈肌群的张力、最大收缩力、再生神经的形态及神经轴突的截面积。结果用预变１周的尺神经修复正中神经后，其趾屈肌群的张力及最大收缩力的恢复率达到正常对照组的８１．１％及８５．９％。显微镜下观察，预变１周组和其它各时间组相比，其再生的神经轴突最多，发育最成熟。结论用预变１周的神经段修复神经缺损，其神经再生能力最佳     

脑膜瘤瘤周脑水肿

对经手术病理证实，ＣＴ资料完善的１１４例脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析，研究脑膜瘤的部位、大小、组织学类型及其它的生物学特性与瘤周水肿的相关性。通过ＣＴ确定瘤周水肿的有无及程度，对各种参数采用χ２、秩和等统计学检验方法进行分析。脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的发生与肿瘤的病理组织学类型有关，而与肿瘤的大小、钙化、病人的年龄和性别无关，上皮型、血管型及恶性脑膜瘤较其它组织学类型更易发生瘤周水肿。颅内压增高与瘤周水肿的发生密切相关，矢状窦旁、大脑凸面、镰旁、蝶骨嵴、前颅窝及嗅沟部脑膜瘤较幕下及其它部位脑膜瘤易发生瘤周脑水肿，但上述各部位间瘤周水肿的发生率比较无统计学差异。性别、年龄、病程与瘤周水肿的发生无关     

金属离子及氨基糖对大鼠肾脏N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶Ⅲ活性测定的影响

采用反相ＨＰＬＣ荧光测定法对大鼠肾脏Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶（ＧｎＴ）Ⅲ活性测定时二价金属离子及氨基糖的影响进行了研究。结果表明：ＧｎＴⅢ必须有二价金属离子激活，最佳激活离子为Ｍｎ￣（２＋）离子，其次为Ｍｇ￣（２＋）离子；二协金属离子对ＧｎＴⅢ的激活作用依次为Ｍｎ￣（２＋）＞Ｍｇ（２＋）＞Ｃｏ（２＋）＞Ｃａ￣（２＋）＞Ｎｉ￣（２＋）＞Ｂａ￣（２＋）＞Ｚｎ￣（２＋）。四种氨基糖（Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖ＧｌｃＮＡｃ，Ｎ－乙酰氨基半轧糖ＧａＩＮＡｃ，氨基葡萄糖ＧｌｃＮ，氨基半乳糖ＧａｌＮ），除ＧｌｃＮ使ＧｎＴ活性增加外，其余三种对ＧｎＴⅢ均有不同程度的抑制作用。     

社区公共卫生人才岗位胜任力要素重要性分析

目的 分析社区公共卫生人才岗位胜任力各要素的重要程度,为公共卫生人才队伍建设与培养提供数据与方法学支持。方法 2020年9至10月,选取25位咨询专家,采用区间值犹豫模糊熵法,对确立的岗位胜任力各要素进行重要性分析。利用Excel 2013和SPSS 25.0对数据进行计算。结果 社区公共卫生人才岗位胜任力要素一级指标中,重要性排序为职业素养（0.207）、专业知识与技能（0.204）、整合性思维（0.200）、个人特质（0.199）、职业基本能力（0.191）;二级指标中,重要性排序前3位的为批判性思维（0.105）、系统性思维（0.095）、公共卫生知识技能（0.044）。结论 以职业道德为主的隐性职业素养、以批判性思维为主的公共卫生整合性思维、以公共卫生知识技能为主的专业知识与技能等岗位胜任力要素应予以重点关注。     

患者血清microRNA表达谱及相关生物信息学分析

探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清中microRNA(miRNA)的差异性表达谱,并通过生物信息学探索其意义。方法 下载GEO数据库开源数据集（GSE70080）,分析慢阻肺患者与正常人血清的miRNA差异性表达谱,分析其对慢阻肺的诊断价值,运用miRTarbase、Target Scan、PicTar 、miRDB等软件预测和筛选miRNAs的靶基因,并将得出的上述靶基因功能富集、信号通路及蛋白质互作网络分析。 结果 该数据集中慢阻肺与健康对照组血清差异表达的miRNA共62个(P＜0.05) ,其中较对照组上调8个,下调54个,上调miRNA和下调miRNA诊断慢阻肺的受试者曲线下面积分别为0.938和0.969。靶基因预测显示差异性表达miRNA共有15099个靶基因,GO功能分析显示上述靶基因主要涉及Wnt、MAPK、NF-κB等重要生物学过程,KEGG分析主要富集于Wnt、NF κB、MAPK等信号通路。miRNA和mRNA的网络图显示SLC4A8与多个miRNA相关。蛋白质互作网络显示靶基因编码蛋白质间存在复杂的相互作用,ACVR1B、ACVRL1、KRT2、KRT74、KRT82在互作网络中具有核心地位。结论 慢阻肺患者的血清miRNA存在差异性表达,miRNA可能通过调控靶基因参与调控相关的生物功能和通路参与慢阻肺发病机制调控