Relative Bioavailability of Rifampicin in Four Chinese Fixed-dose Combinations Compared with Rifampicin in Free Combinations

Background:

Decreases in the bioavailability of rifampicin (RFP) can lead to the development of drug resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, we investigated the relative bioavailability of RFP from one four-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC; formulation A) and three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C, and D) used in China, compared with RFP in free combinations of these drugs (reference), in healthy volunteers.

Methods:

Eighteen and twenty healthy Chinese male volunteers participated in two open-label, randomized two-period crossover (formulations A and C) or one three-period crossover (formulations B and D) study, respectively. The washout period between treatments was 7 days. Bioequivalence was assessed based on 90% confidence intervals, according to two one-sided t-tests. All analyses were done with DAS 3.1.5 (Mathematical Pharmacology Professional Committee of China, Shanghai, China).

Results:

Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values of RFP obtained for formulations A, B, C, and D products were 11.42 ± 3.41 μg/ml, 7.86 ± 5.78 μg/ml, 13.05 ± 6.80 μg/ml, and 16.18 ± 3.87 μg/ml, respectively, for peak plasma concentration (C_max), 91.43 ± 30.82 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 55.49 ± 37.58 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 96.50 ± 47.24 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 101.47 ± 33.07 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, respectively, for area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_{0−24 h}).

Conclusions:

Although the concentrations of RFP for formulations A, C, and D were within the reported acceptable therapeutic range, only formulation A was bioequivalent to the reference product. The three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C and D) displayed inferior RFP bioavailability compared with the reference (Chinese Clinical Trials registration number: ChiCTR-TTRCC-12002451).     

Effect of Intravenous Administration of Liposomal Prostaglandin E1 on Microcirculation in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention

Background:

Several studies have demonstrated that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can result in reperfusion injury. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of liposomal prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1, Alprostadil, Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for enhancing microcirculation in reperfusion injury. In addition, this study determined the optimal administration method for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI.

Methods:

Totally, 68 patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to two groups: intravenous administration of Lipo-PGE1 (Group A), and no Lipo-PGE1 administration (Group B). The corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC) and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were calculated. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were also measured.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The cTFC parameter in Group A was significantly lower than Group B (18.06 ± 2.06 vs. 25.31 ± 2.59, P < 0.01). The ratio of final MBG grade-3 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group A (87.9%) relative to Group B (65.7%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in final TIMI-3 flow and no-reflow. Patients were followed up for 6 months, and the occurrence of MACE in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (6.1% vs. 25.9% respectively, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Myocardial microcirculation of reperfusion injury in patients with STEMI, after primary PCI, can be improved by administering Lipo-PGE1.     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Porous Keratin/chitosan (KCS) Scaffolds for Effectively Accelerating Wound Healing*

ObjectiveTo develop a dressing with desired antibacterial activity, good water maintaining ability and mechanical properties for wound healing and skin regeneration. MethodsThe chitosan with different concentrations were added in keratin solution to form porous keratin/chitosan (KCS) scaffolds. The morphological characteristics, chemical composition, wettability, porosity, swelling ratio and degradation of the scaffolds were evaluated. The antibacterial activity was tested by usingS. aureusandE. colisuspension for 2 h. And L929 fibroblast cells culture was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the KCS scaffolds. ResultsThe adding of chitosan could increase the hydrophobicity, decrease porosity, swelling ratio and degradation rate of the KCS porous scaffolds.Mechanical properties of KCS scaffolds could be enhanced and well adjusted by chitosan. KCS scaffolds could obviously decrease bacteria number.The proliferation of fibroblast cells in porous KCS patch increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of chitosan concentration. It was appropriate to add 400 μg/mL chitosan to form porous KCS scaffold for achieving best cell attachment and proliferation compared with other samples. ConclusionThe porous KCS scaffold may be used as implanted scaffold materials forpromoting wound healing and skinregeneration.     

High Physical Activity is Associated with an Improved Lipid Profile and Resting Heart Rate among Healthy Middle-aged Chinese People

Objective To investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on dyslipidemia and elevated resting heart rate (RHR) in a large-scale cross-sectional study in China. Methods We recruited community-based individuals who were 40-60 years old using a cluster sampling method. The PA levels of the participants were classified as low, moderate, or high, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as the detection of abnormalities in lipid indicators, and 4 lipid parameters were evaluated using fasting blood samples. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of PA with dyslipidemia and RHR. Results A total of 10,321 participants (38.88% men) were included in this study. The percentages of individuals with high, moderate, and low PA levels were 46.5%, 43.9%, and 9.6%, respectively. In both men and women, high PA provided odds ratios of 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 0.94] for dyslipidemia and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.92) for elevated RHR, compared to participants with low PA. Conclusion Our data suggested that substantial health benefits (related to dyslipidemia and elevated RHR) occurred at higher intensity PA, with greater energy consumption, in middle-aged Chinese people, and particularly in men.     

双源CT预测泌尿系统结石化学成分的临床价值

目的评价双源CT双能量扫描体外预测泌尿系统结石成分的准确性。方法对50例泌尿系统结石患者术前行双能量CT扫描,分别测量每枚结石在80 k V和140 k V成像条件下的CT值、CT值差值和CT值比值。使用双能量结石分析软件预测结石成分。收集患者治疗后结石标本行红外光谱仪分析结石成分,作为金标准,运用方差分析比较不同种类结石之间上述指标的差异;评价2种方法检测结果的一致性。结果 50枚结石中尿酸类结石有4枚,非尿酸类结石有46枚(胱氨酸结石5枚,羟基磷灰石2枚,草酸钙结石33枚,混合结石6枚)。组间两两比较,尿酸类结石与其他结石的CT值、CT值差值、CT值比值均有统计学差异(P<0.01);草酸钙结石和混合结石与其他结石的CT值、CT值差值、CT值比值均有统计学差异(P<0.05);其余组间两两比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与红外光谱仪分析法结果比较,双能量软件正确诊断4例尿酸类结石、4例胱氨酸结石,33例草酸钙结石、2例尿酸与草酸钙混合结石;另外7例误诊,其中1例胱氨酸结石和2例羟基磷灰石双源CT误诊为草酸钙结石,4例尿酸与羟基磷灰石混合结石双源CT误诊为胱氨酸与羟基磷灰石的混合结石。双能量软件分析结果与红外光谱法分析结果 Kappa一致性检验值为0.705,二者具有高度一致性。结论双源CT双能量扫描能准确区分尿酸类结石、胱氨酸类结石和含钙结石,但在区分含钙结石和羟基磷灰石之间以及不同成分的含钙结石尚存在困难。     

利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系特点分析

利比里亚在防控埃博拉病毒病(Ebola virus disease,EVD)疫情中,逐步构建形成一套相应的指挥协调体系。中国人民解放军首批援利医疗队赴利执行埃博拉病毒病患者诊疗任务以来,积极参与并融入利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系。作者作为我军首位援利埃博拉诊疗中心医院院长,亲自参与了利比里亚埃博拉防控指挥协调体系相关工作。本文分析总结认为该体系具有应急组建、结构开放、实体运作、交互作用、利方主导等特点,在埃博拉疫情防控中发挥了重要作用。针对我国未来疫情防控需求,有针对性地提出了强化联防联控机制、改进援外实施策略、提高疫情防控能力、深化军队走出战略等建议。     

白及须根醇提物抗胃溃疡作用研究

目的研究白及须根醇提物抗大鼠乙醇急性胃溃疡的活性及其作用机理。方法实验设正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、白及须根醇提物低、中、高剂量组,用无水乙醇诱导大鼠胃溃疡模型。初次采用扫描仪扫描大鼠胃溃疡情况。ELISA检测血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10等因子的水平,初步分析其作用机理。结果白及须根醇提物可以减小溃疡面积;ELISA数据显示,血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10等因子与模型组相比均有显著性变化。结论白及须根醇提物具有显著抗胃溃疡作用,须根醇提物组分可通过降低IL-1β等因子和提高IL-10、VEGF等因子的水平发挥抗胃溃疡作用。     

小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗麻醉处理临床观察

目的探讨小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗的麻醉处理.方法确诊动脉导管未闭(343例)、房间隔缺损(428例)、室间隔缺损(229例)择期行介入封堵术10岁以下患儿,随机分为氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑组及氯胺酮复合丙泊酚组.结果2组患儿术中不同时点平均动脉压、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度与麻醉前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),组间术中不良反应、术中并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),所有患儿均保留自主呼吸,顺利完成先心病介入治疗.结论氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑或氯胺酮复合丙泊酚的麻醉方法应用于先天性心脏病封堵术麻醉满意,并发症少,安全有效,麻醉苏醒快,无明显临床区别.     

Direct sequencing of SARS-coronavirus S and N genes from clinical specimens shows limited variation

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged, in November 2002, as a novel agent causing severe respiratory illness. To study sequence variation in the SARS-CoV genome, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of the S and N genes directly from clinical specimens from 10 patients--1 specimen with no matched SARS-CoV isolate, from 2 patients; multiple specimens from 3 patients; and matched clinical-specimen/cell-culture-isolate pairs from 6 patients. We identified 3 nucleotide substitutions that were most likely due to natural variation and 2 substitutions that arose after cell-culture passage of the virus. These data demonstrate the overall stability of the S and N genes of SARS-CoV over 3 months during which a minimum of 4 generations for transmission events occurred. These findings are a part of the expanding investigation of the evolution of how this virus adapts to a new host.     

连续性肾脏替代治疗的临床应用进展

连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT),也称之为连续性血液净化(CBP),是通过弥散和(或)对流、吸附机制、缓慢、连续地进行溶质交换和水分清除的血液净化疗法的统称。CRRT作为一种新技术,在重症急性肾功能衰竭,系统性炎症反应综合征(SIRS),急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS),重症急性胰腺炎和中毒等危重病的救治中已经和正在发挥其独特的优势,是抢救危重病患者的重要治疗措施之一,是近年来重症监护病房(ICU)治疗中最重要的进展之一。其地位与机械通气和全胃肠外营养(TPN)同样重要[1]。1概述CRRT最早由Kramer等提出应用…