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121.
Genevieve Z. Steiner PhD BPsych Emma S. George PhD BHSc BHSc Najwa-Joelle Metri BMedSc Freya MacMillan PhD BSc Sports Biomedicine Shamieka Dubois MRes Wendy Moyle PhD MHSc BN RN Mark I. Hohenberg FRACP FHEA GAICD MSc MBBS BSc Kawaljit Singh MBBS FRACP Camilla Townsend MPsych Dennis Chang PhD Alan Bensoussan PhD MAppSc Kate A. McBride PhD MPH 《International journal of older people nursing》2021,16(5):e12378
122.
KM Chu M Manzi I Zuniga M Biot NP Ford F Rasschaert R Zachariah 《International journal of STD & AIDS》2012,23(6):403-407
To describe the frequency, risk factors, and clinical signs and symptoms associated with hepatotoxicity (HT) in patients on nevirapine- or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients attending the ART clinic in Kibera, Kenya, from April 2003 to December 2006 and in Mavalane, Mozambique, from December 2002 to March 2007. Data were collected on 5832 HIV-positive individuals who had initiated nevirapine- or efavirenz-based ART. Median baseline CD4+ count was 125 cells/μL (interquartile range [IQR] 55-196). Over a median follow-up time of 426 (IQR 147-693) days, 124 (2.4%) patients developed HT. Forty-one (54.7%) of 75 patients with grade 3 HT compared with 21 (80.8%) of 26 with grade 4 had associated clinical signs or symptoms (P = 0.018). Four (5.7%) of 124 patients with HT died in the first six months compared with 271 (5.3%) of 5159 patients who did not develop HT (P = 0.315). The proportion of patients developing HT was low and HT was not associated with increased mortality. Clinical signs and symptoms identified 50% of grade 3 HT and most cases of grade 4 HT. This suggests that in settings where alanine aminotransferase measurement is not feasible, nevirapine- and efavirenz-based ART may be given safely without laboratory monitoring. 相似文献
123.
Freya Weizenbaum Betsey Benson Laura Solomon Kathleen Brehony 《Physiology & behavior》1980,24(6):1053-1056
Magnitude-estimation of sucrose pleasantness and sweetness, and feeding behavior, were investigated in female and male college students. The subjects were individually tested five times over a five-week period. Female test intervals were scheduled to include the menses, pre-ovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The data were analyzed by gender, length of menses, and phase of the menstrual cycle. The results of these analyses were consistent for both the sucrose taste reactivity tests and feeding tests. Male and long-menses females exhibited similar response patterns; and their pattern was significantly different from that of the short-menses females. The mean log pleasantness ratings of the males and long-menses females were significantly smaller than those of the short-menses females. Furthermore, both long-menses females and males behaved similarly in a time-limited surreptitious feeding test. They consumed significantly more food than did short-menses females. Phase of the menstrual cycle did not alter pleasantness response patterns, but there was one phase effect in the feeding tests. Luteal phase intake of short-menses females was elevated relative to that of the menses phase. These findings demonstrate that reproductive variables participate in the control of human regulatory behaviors. 相似文献
124.
IL‐33 delivery induces serous cavity macrophage proliferation independent of interleukin‐4 receptor alpha 下载免费PDF全文
Lucy H. Jackson‐Jones Dominik Rückerl Freya Svedberg Sheelagh Duncan Rick M. Maizels Tara E. Sutherland Stephen J. Jenkins Henry J. McSorley Cécile Bénézech Andrew S. MacDonald Judith E. Allen 《European journal of immunology》2016,46(10):2311-2321
IL‐33 plays an important role in the initiation of type‐2 immune responses, as well as the enhancement of type 2 effector functions. Engagement of the IL‐33 receptor on macrophages facilitates polarization to an alternative activation state by amplifying IL‐4 and IL‐13 signaling to IL‐4Rα. IL‐4 and IL‐13 also induce macrophage proliferation but IL‐33 involvement in this process has not been rigorously evaluated. As expected, in vivo delivery of IL‐33 induced IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative macrophage activation in the serous cavities. IL‐33 delivery also induced macrophages to proliferate but, unexpectedly, this was independent of IL‐4Rα signaling. In a filarial nematode infection model in which IL‐4Rα‐dependent alternative activation and proliferation in the pleural cavity is well described, IL‐33R was essential for alternative activation but not macrophage proliferation. Similarly, during Alternaria alternata induced airway inflammation, which provokes strong IL‐33 responses, we observed that both IL‐4Rα and IL‐33R were required for alternative activation, while macrophage proliferation in the pleural cavity was still evident in the absence of either receptor alone. Our data show that IL‐33R and IL‐4Rα promote macrophage proliferation independently of each other, but both are essential for induction of alternative activation. 相似文献
125.
In 1948 Haldane first proposed that the high frequencies of thalassaemias in malaria-endemic regions were due to natural selection by malaria. Some of the highest frequencies of alpha+ -thalassaemia are found in the Pacific region of Melanesia. Consequently, Melanesia has provided a unique opportunity for an extensive study of the association between alpha+ -thalassaemia and malaria. Here we review the emergence of alpha+ -thalassaemia in this region and the research that has been carried out, both from the historical perspective and the most recent developments, which may give insight into the selection of alpha+ -thalassaemia by malaria. 相似文献
126.
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128.
Gramke HF de Rijke JM van Kleef M Raps F Kessels AG Peters ML Sommer M Marcus MA 《The Clinical journal of pain》2007,23(6):543-548
OBJECTIVES: Although a great variety of surgical procedures are performed on an ambulatory basis, little is known about postoperative pain experience at home after ambulatory surgery. This study was performed to assess the prevalence and course of postoperative pain in the early postoperative period after ambulatory surgery. METHODS: Over a period of 4 months, 648 patients who underwent day-case surgery were included in our study. Data were collected with interviews and questionnaires. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) during 4 days after surgery. Side effects of anesthesia and analgesia techniques were also recorded. RESULTS: On the day of the operation, 26% of the patients had moderate to severe pain (defined as mean VAS >40 mm). Mean VAS-scores were greater than 40 mm in 21% on postoperative day (POD) 1, in 13% on POD 2, in 10% on POD 3, and in 9% on POD 4. Operations of nose and pharynx, abdominal operations, plastic surgery of the breasts, and orthopedic operations were the most painful procedures during the first 48 hours. DISCUSSION: This study showed that an important number of patients still experience moderate to severe pain in the postoperative period after day-case surgery even after a 4-day period. Furthermore, the type of operation should be considered when planning postoperative analgesia for ambulatory surgery. 相似文献
129.
Perceptions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy among podiatrists practicing in high‐risk foot clinics 下载免费PDF全文
Foot ulceration is a devastating and costly consequence of diabetes. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recognised as an adjunctive therapy to treat diabetes‐related foot ulceration, yet uptake is low. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 podiatrists who manage patients with foot ulcers related to diabetes to explore their perceptions of, and the barriers/facilitators to, referral for hyperbaric oxygen. Podiatrists cited logistical issues such as location of facilities as well as poor communication pathways, lack of delegation and lack of follow up when patients presented for hyperbaric treatment. In general, podiatrists had an understanding of the premise of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and evidence to support its use but could only provide very limited citations of key papers and guidelines to support their position. Podiatrists stated that they felt a patient was lost from their care when referred for hyperbaric oxygen and that aftercare might not be adequate. Improved referral and delegation pathways for patients presenting for hyperbaric oxygen, as well as the provision of easily accessible evidence to support this therapy, could help to increase podiatrists’ confidence in deciding whether or not to recommend their patients for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 相似文献
130.
Freya Rasschaert Tom Decroo Daniel Remartinez Barbara Telfer Faustino Lessitala Marc Biot Baltazar Candrinho Wim Van Damme 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2014,17(1)