军团菌控制指标及水处理系统中的预防措施

军团菌最早是在1976年“费城军团病事件”中首次被科学家发现,它们大量生长在30-40℃、营养充足的水体中,循环冷却水、冷却塔系统以及夏秋季节的喷泉系统成为最易滋生军团菌的场所。军团菌往往随着这些系统中水的蒸发,附着在气溶胶表面,散播到空气中。免疫力低下的人群,一旦吸入了被军团菌污染的空气,就可能患上一种症状类似肺炎的疾病,称作军团病。因此,[第一段]     

EFFECTS OF CONVERSATIONAL HYPNOSIS ON RELATIVE PARASYMPATHETIC TONE AND PATIENT COMFORT DURING AXILLARY BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCKS FOR AMBULATORY UPPER LIMB SURGERY:A Quasiexperimental Pilot Study

This two-center quasiexperimental pilot study was to determine the effect of conversational hypnosis on patient comfort and parasympathetic tone, which may represent a quantitative measure of hypnotic depth, during regional anesthesia. The patients received conversational hypnosis in one center and oral premedication in the other. The patients’ subjective comfort (0-10 rating scale) and objective parasympathetic tone, as assessed by the Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI), were measured before and after regional anesthesia. The parasympathetic tone and comfort scores evidenced a significantly greater increase in the hypnosis patients than in controls. These findings suggest that using conversational hypnosis during regional anesthesia may be followed by a subjective increase in patient comfort and an objective increase in parasympathetic tone, monitored by ANI.     

The influence of different cellulose ethers on both the handling and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution

The influence of cellulose ether additives (CEAs) on the performance of final calcium phosphate cement (CPC) products is thoroughly investigated. Four CEAs were added into the liquid phase of apatitic CPCs based on the hydrolysis of α-tricalcium phosphate, to investigate the influence of both molecular weight and degree of substitution on the CPCs’ properties, including handling (e.g. injectability, cohesion, washout resistance and setting time), microstructure (e.g. porosity and micromorphology) and mechanical properties (e.g. fracture toughness and compressive strength). The results showed that even a small amount of CEAs modified most of these CPCs’ features, depending on the structural parameters of the CEAs. The CEAs dramatically improved the injectability, cohesion and washout resistance of the pastes, prolonged the final setting time and increased the porosity of CPCs. Moreover, the CEAs had an evident toughening effect on CPCs, and this effect become more significant with increasing molecular weight and mass fraction of CEAs, inducing a significant tolerance to damage. Overall, the molecular weight of CEAs played a major role compared to their degree of substitution in CPCs’ performances.     

Impact of resveratrol on bone repair in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation: histomorphometric and bone-related gene expression analysis

This study investigated the effect of resveratrol on bone healing and its influence on the gene expression of bone-related markers in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Two calvarial defects were created in each of 60 rats, which were assigned equally (n = 20) to three groups: (1) resveratrol (10 mg/kg) + smoke exposure (SMK + RESV); (2) placebo + smoke exposure (SMK + PLA); or (3) placebo + no smoke exposure (NS + PLA). Substances were administered daily for 30 days following surgery. Smoke inhalation was started 7 days before surgery and continued for 30 days after surgery. One defect was processed for histomorphometric analysis and the other was used for mRNA quantification of bone-related gene expression by qPCR. The remaining defect was smaller in the SMK + RESV (2.27 ± 0.61 mm, P = 0.0003) and NS + PLA (2.17 ± 0.74 mm, P = 0.0005) groups than in the SMK + PLA group (3.12 ± 0.47 mm). Higher levels of Runx2 were observed in the NS + PLA group than in the smoke exposure groups (vs. SMK + PLA, P = 0002; vs. SMK + RESV, P = 0.052); levels of Lrp-5 were also higher in the no smoke exposure group (vs. SMK + RESV, P = 0.009; vs. SMK + PLA, P = 0.003). Resveratrol therapy decreased RANKL/OPG expression when compared to placebo (SMK + RESV vs. SMK + PLA, P = 0.017). Dkk1 levels were decreased in the SMK + RESV group when compared to the SMK + PLA (P = 0.006) and NS + PLA groups (P = 0.005). In conclusion, resveratrol optimizes the repair of critical-sized bone defects, up-regulating the gene expression of important bone remodelling markers in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation.     

Mycobacterium Species Related to M. leprae and M. lepromatosis from Cows with Bovine Nodular Thelitis

Bovine nodular thelitis is a granulomatous dermatitis associated with infection with acid-fast bacteria. To identify the mycobacterium responsible for this infection, we conducted phylogenetic investigations based on partial sequencing of 6 genes. These bacteria were identified as an undescribed Mycobacterium species that was phylogenetically related to M. leprae and M. lepromatosis.