The problems and advantages of one lung ventilation during surgical intervention in pulmonary hydatid cyst disease

Background Hydatid disease is the most severe helminthic zoonosis, with an important public health problem especially in rural areas in Turkey. The aim of this study was to review the problems and advantages encountered in surgical treatment of 43 patients who were ventilated with one-lung ventilation during last four years. Methods Patients, operated with one-lung ventilation, constitute the study group. Data related to symptoms, radiographic findings, performed surgical procedures, perioperative and postoperative morbidity, hospitalization time, and cyst recurrence were collected from each individual's records. Results Cystotomy and capitonnage were performed in all cases. Perioperative complications were seen in 5 patients. Four of these 5 patients had double-lumen endotracheal tube malpositioning. In one patient hypoxemia developed. The most common postoperative complication was atelectasis. One patient had recurrent cysts. There was no perioperative or postoperative death. Conclusions We prefer cystotomy and capitonnage because it is a fast and effective technique with limited postoperative complications. One-lung ventilation prevents the exposure of lower lung areas from massive aspiration, which may cause acute obstruction of airways, and contamination by cyst contents from the operative part of the lung that causes recurrent disease. One-lung ventilation in pulmonary hydatid cyst surgery may be preferred owing to lower mortality and morbidity rates.     

Suction Blister Epidermal Grafting for Management of Eyelid Vitiligo: Special Considerations

BACKGROUND: Suction blister epidermal grafting is an established technique for the treatment of resistant and stable vitiligo especially over small and cosmetically important areas like the face. However, certain areas, such as lips and eyelids, require special considerations because of their anatomic peculiarities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The current study was carried out on six patients of stable eyelid vitiligo, not responding to medical treatment. Suction blister was obtained from the thigh using the suction apparatus and the roof was grafted on to the dermabraded eyelid. Certain precautions were taken during the procedure, which will be highlighted in the current study. RESULTS: Response was excellent in all the patients in 3 to 6 months, with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: If carried out properly, suction blister technique is the procedure of choice for cosmetically important sites like eyelids.     

Strategies to enhance transductional efficiency of adenoviral-based gene transfer to primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes as a platform in dermal wounds

Genetically modified keratinocytes and fibroblasts are suitable for delivery of therapeutic genes capable of modifying the wound healing process. However, efficient gene delivery is a prerequisite for successful gene therapy of wounds. Whereas adenoviral vectors (Ads) exhibit superior levels of in vivo gene transfer, their transductional efficiency to cells resident within wounds may nonetheless be suboptimal, due to deficiency of the primary adenovirus receptor, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). We explored CAR-independent transduction to fibroblasts and keratinocytes using a panel of CAR-independent fiber-modified Ads to determine enhancement of infectivity. These fiber-modified adenoviral vectors included Ad 3 knob (Ad5/3), canine Ad serotype 2 knob (Ad5CAV-2), RGD (Ad5.RGD), polylysine (Ad5.pK7), or both RGD and polylysine (Ad5.RGD.pK7). To evaluate whether transduction efficiencies of the fiber-modified adenoviral vectors correlated with the expression of their putative receptors on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, we analyzed the mRNA levels of CAR, alpha upsilon integrin, syndecan-1, and glypican-1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of luciferase and green fluorescent protein transgene expression showed superior transduction efficiency of Ad5.pK7 in keratinocytes and Ad5.RGD.pK7 in fibroblasts. mRNA expression of alpha upsilon integrin, syndecan-1 and glypican-1 was significantly higher in primary fibroblasts than CAR. In keratinocytes, syndecan-1 expression was significantly higher than all the other receptors tested. Significant infectivity enhancement was achieved in keratinocytes and fibroblasts using fiber-modified adenoviral vectors. These strategies to enhance infectivity may help to achieve higher clinical efficacy of wound gene therapy.     

A study of periapical lesions correlating the presence of a radiopaque lamina with histological findings.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the presence or absence of a radiopaque lamina of 60 human periapical lesions with the histological findings from a case study in dental practice. STUDY DESIGN: Paralleling radiographs were taken of 60 teeth with periapical radiolucencies. The periapical radiographs were scanned, and standardized images were evaluated on a computer screen for the presence or absence of a radiopaque lamina by 2 calibrated observers according to agreed criteria. The serially sectioned histological specimens were obtained from the extraction of 13 endodontically treated teeth and 27 nontreated teeth, as well as 20 post-treatment teeth with apical periodontitis removed during periapical surgical procedure; the specimens were classified according to agreed criteria. The findings of the 2 evaluations were compared. RESULTS: Out of 57 electronic images that could be interpreted, 10 lesions had a radiopaque lamina, but of these only 3 were histologically diagnosed as cysts, while 7 were granulomas or abscesses. Out of 47 lesions without a radiopaque lamina, 40 were histologically diagnosed as granulomas or abscesses, while 7 were cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of periapical lesions cannot be made on the basis of the presence or absence of a radiopaque lamina, but requires histological examination of serial sections.     

Hydration and Cognitive Function in Children

Adequate fluid intake is critical for survival. While adults are at liberty to drink fluids as wanted, children and infants are dependent upon caregivers for food and fluid. Children are at greater risk for dehydration than adults due to their higher surface-to-mass ratio. Additionally, children have different thirst sensitivities and body cooling mechanisms than adults. Children differ from adults in total body water content, and boys and girls differ in body water content with maturation. Research in young adults shows that mild dehydration corresponding to only 1% to 2% of body weight loss can lead to significant impairment in cognitive function. Dehydration in infants is associated with confusion, irritability, and lethargy; in children, it may produce decrements in cognitive performance.