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31.
32.
Thomas A. Blakely Jr. Francis M. Crinella Todd D. Fisher Lorraine Champaigne Frances W. Beck 《Journal of developmental and physical disabilities》1994,6(1):1-22
Since Samuel Orton's (1937) assertion that dyslexia reflects abnormal brain organization, the relationship of learning disabilities
to brain dysfunction has been the topic of considerable debate. Recently, learning-disabled individuals have been studied
in conjunction with those known to have neurological dysfunction, in a search for common subtypes. In the present study, a
population of 177 children, ages 9-0 to 14-0, were assessed on an augmented version of the Children's Halstead-Reitan Battery.
One hundred twenty-nine Ss were learning-disabled, 37 of whom also had verified brain damage. The remaining 48 children had
neither learning disabilities nor evidence of brain damage. Patterns of neuropsychological performance were determined using
Tryon's clustering methods. The procedure yielded six subject clusters: (A) and (B)—children with low general intellectual
ability; (C) children who are clumsy and lethargic; (D) children with language dysfunction; (E) children with faulty spatial
orientation; and (F) children with no detectable neuropsychological deficits. These clusters were similar to those identified
by investigators who have used other subject-clustering methods. Brain-damaged individuals were more prevalent in some clusters
(e.g., A and B) than in others (e.g., E and F), and substantial numbers of learning disabled subjects were also found in clusters
where brain-damaged individuals tended to cluster, indicating similar neuropsychological profiles. The cluster structure was
validated by comparison with subtypes identified by other investigators, as well as by tests of association between clusters
with exogenous factors (e.g., history of prematurity; seizures). 相似文献
33.
34.
D Simeon B Stanley A Frances J J Mann R Winchel M Stanley 《The American journal of psychiatry》1992,149(2):221-226
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine whether self-mutilators with personality disorders differ from nonmutilators with personality disorders in impulsivity, aggression, and other psychopathology and whether serotonergic dysfunction contributes to self-mutilation. METHOD: Twenty-six self-mutilators with personality disorders were matched to 26 control subjects with personality disorders for gender, age, education, axis I diagnosis of affective disorder, and axis II diagnosis of personality disorder. Numerous indexes of psychopathology as well as CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels and platelet imipramine binding sites (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were determined. RESULTS: Self-mutilators had significantly more severe character pathology, had greater lifetime aggression, and were more antisocial than the control subjects. The self-mutilators scored higher on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression but not on the Beck Depression Inventory or the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The two groups did not differ on the Buss-Durkee Hostility and Guilt Inventory or on the Sensation Seeking Scale. The degree of self-mutilation was significantly correlated with impulsivity, chronic anger, and somatic anxiety. Both self-mutilation and impulsivity showed significant negative correlations with Bmax, although the two groups did not differ in CSF 5-HIAA levels or in platelet imipramine binding. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the contribution of severe character pathology, aggression, impulsivity, anxiety, and anger to self-mutilation and provide preliminary support for the hypothesis of underlying serotonergic dysfunction facilitating self-mutilation. 相似文献
35.
36.
Lesley Barclay RN CM BA MEd Louise Everitt RN CM Post Grad Dip-Comm Health Frances Rogan RN CM B App S M Com Nurs Virginia Schmied RN CM BA MA Hons Aileen Wyllie RN CM BA MHPEd 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,25(4):719-728
This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted by midwife researchers into women's experience of new motherhood. Data were collected using focus groups involving 55 first-time mothers and analysed using grounded theory method. The analysis produced six categories: 'realizing', 'unready', 'drained', 'aloneness', 'loss' and 'working it out'. The core category, 'becoming a mother', integrates all other categories and encapsulates the process of change experienced by women. Also explained are factors mediating the often distressing experience of becoming a mother. The analysis provides a conceptualization of early motherhood enabling the development of strategies for midwives, nurses and others helping women negotiate this challenge. 相似文献
37.
This study compared two methods of holding preterm infants: 1) the kangaroo, or skin-to-skin method (K) and 2) the traditional method, or normal handling (T). Skin temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were monitored during both the kangaroo and the traditional handling methods. After testing with the two methods, the mothers indicated their satisfaction and preference. Sixty-one pairs of mothers and babies were tested once with the K method and once with the T method. The first method tested was determined at random: 50% began with K and 50% with T. Skin temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were similar with both K and T methods. Whereas oxygen saturation was significantly lower (92.8% vs 90.5%, p < 0.0001) under the T method, time of testing was longer (29.5 min vs 25.3 min, p = 0.02) for the K method than for T method. In summary, the findings suggested that mothers preferred the K method because the cold stress factor was avoided, oxygenation was better maintained, and mothers felt closer to their infants. 相似文献
38.
Mapping the Von Hippel -- Lindau disease tumour suppressor gene: identification of germline deletions by pulsed field gel electrophoresis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Richards Frances M.; Phipps Maude E.; Latlf Farida; Yao Masahlro; Crossey Paul A.; Foster Kelth; Llnehan W. Marston; Affara Nabeel A.; Lerman Michael I.; Zbar Berton; Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A.; Maher Eamonn R. 《Human molecular genetics》1993,2(7):879-882
Von HlppelLindau (VHL) disease is a dominantly Inheritedfamillal cancer syndrome In which affected individuals havea greatly increased predisposition to the development of haemangloblastomasof the central nervous system and retina, renal cell carcinomaand phaeochromocytoma. The VHL gene has been mapped to chromosome3p25 -p26 by genetic linkage studies and we have previouslydemonstrated that the VHL gene is tightly linked to the D3S601locus (Zmax = 18.86 at 相似文献
39.
Zahid H. Siddik Mervyn Jones Frances E. Boxall Kenneth R. Harrap 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1988,21(1):19-24
Summary The comparative distribution and excretion of Carboplatin (cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum II, CBDCA, JM8) and cisplatin have been investigated in Balb C- mice following i.v. administration of the maximally tolerated doses (MTDs) of the compounds. Although the concentrations of platinum in the plasma and tissues during the -phase were much higher for Carboplatin than for cisplatin, reflecting the difference in the doses used (4 vs 80 mg/kg), the tissue-to-plasma ratios were similar. During the -phase (1–10 days), however, both the platinum concentrations and the ratios were found to be similar for most tissues when cisplatin and Carboplatin were compared. The platinum concentrations and the tissue-to-plasma ratios of the spleen, brain, muscle, testes, ovary and bile, on the other hand, were consistently higher (two- to sixfold) after Carboplatin than after cisplatin. The highest ratios (>20) were found in the kidney, liver, spleen (after Carboplatin only) and skin at 6 days after treatment. Comparison of the two compounds showed that the half-lives of platinum in the plasma and tissues during both the - and -phases were similar, except for the spleen, in which a nine-fold greater t 1/2 was recorded for Carboplatin than for cisplatin. The main route of excretion for the two complexes is via the kidneys, with 52% of cisplatin and 93% of Carboplatin being excreted during the first 3 days. The major part of this, however, is excreted within the 1st day. These results indicate that, although there are quantitative differences, the distribution and excretion profiles are similar for Carboplatin and cisplatin. 相似文献
40.
R Pineault F Champagne B Maheux C Legault M Paré 《American journal of preventive medicine》1989,5(5):257-265
We conducted a survey of 518 patients who had been admitted to three hospitals for selected medical, surgical, and obstetrical conditions. All patients came from the same city. One of the hospitals had put forward health promotion and disease prevention as a formal goal. Almost 40% of the respondents reported that they received health counseling during their hospital stay. Logistic regression analyses revealed that medical care processes and organizational factors were more important than patient characteristics in determining health counseling. The only patient characteristic that was positively related to health counseling was "perceived poor health status." Favorable conditions for the development of health counseling included having an attending physician different from the one who treated the patient before entering the hospital, an adequate number of physician visits, and a longer length of stay. Being admitted to a medical ward rather than a surgical or an obstetrical ward also was associated with more frequent health counseling. No significant differences were found among hospitals. Finally, having a general practitioner rather than a specialist as attending physician did not make a difference. These findings support the view that although hospitals have an important and legitimate role to play in health promotion, organizational and institutional obstacles to implementing such practices must not be ignored. 相似文献