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141.
142.
In vitro evidence for both the nucleus and cytoplasm as subcellular sites of pathogenesis in Huntington's disease 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
A unifying feature of the CAG expansion diseases is the formation of
intracellular aggregates composed of the mutant polyglutamine-expanded
protein. Despite the presence of aggregates in affected patients, the
precise relationship between aggregates and disease pathogenesis is
unresolved. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies of mutant huntingtin
have lead to the hypothesis that nuclear localization of aggregates is
critical for the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). We tested this
hypothesis using a 293T cell culture model system that compared the
frequency and toxicity of cytoplasmic and nuclear huntingtin aggregates. We
first assessed the mode of nuclear transport of N-terminal fragments of
huntingtin, and show that the predicted endogenous NLS is not functional,
providing data in support of passive nuclear transport. This result
suggests that proteolysis is a necessary step for nuclear entry of
huntingtin. Additionally, insertion of nuclear import or export sequences
into huntingtin fragments containing 548 or 151 amino acids was used to
reverse the normal localization of these proteins. Changing the subcellular
localization of the fragments did not influence their total aggregate
frequency. There were also no significant differences in toxicity
associated with the presence of nuclear compared with cytoplasmic
aggregates. The findings of nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in affected
brains, together with these in vitro data, support the nucleus and cytosol
as subcellular sites for pathogenesis in HD.
相似文献
143.
Melissa A. Nickles MD Austin T. Coale BS William Jeremiah A. Henderson MR Kaylah E. Brown BS Dean S. Morrell MD Elizabeth L. Nieman MD 《Pediatric dermatology》2023,40(3):479-482
Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are the most commonly prescribed treatment for children with atopic dermatitis and are supported by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) atopic dermatitis treatment guidelines with level I strength A evidence; however, fear regarding their use, coined “steroid phobia,” is widespread. In this study, we analyzed steroid phobia-related content on popular social media platforms. We found much of this content consists of patients describing negative personal experiences with TCS and subsequently discouraging viewer use. We conclude that social media may contribute to steroid phobia, and we hope that our study motivates dermatologists with social media platforms to combat common misconceptions surrounding TCS use. 相似文献
144.
Gurumoorthy Rajesh Kumar Sankar Madhavi Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan MR Thirunavakarasu 《Indian journal of dermatology》2015,60(6):556-561
Introduction:
Clinical Dermatology is a visually oriented specialty, where visually oriented teaching is more important than it is in any other specialty. It is essential that students must have repeated exposure to common dermatological disorders in the limited hours of Dermatology clinical teaching.Aim:
This study was conducted to assess the effect of clinical images based teaching as a supplement to the patient based clinical teaching in Dermatology, among final year MBBS students.Methods:
A clinical batch comprising of 19 students was chosen for the study. Apart from the routine clinical teaching sessions, clinical images based teaching was conducted. This teaching method was evaluated using a retrospective pre-post questionnaire. Students’ performance was assessed using Photo Quiz and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Feedback about the addition of images based class was collected from students.Results:
A significant improvement was observed in the self-assessment scores following images based teaching. Mean OSCE score was 6.26/10, and that of Photo Quiz was 13.6/20.Conclusion:
This Images based Dermatology teaching has proven to be an excellent supplement to routine clinical cases based teaching. 相似文献145.
It is highly recommended to conduct a prophylactic check for any dental problems on patients who suffer from leukaemia before chemotherapy begins. Bacteraemia caused by oral microflora may be very dangerous for patients with haematological malignancies. However, it should be noted that the prophylactic process itself might bring about life-threatening complications if there is only a short interval between dental treatment and the beginning of chemotherapy, or if the dental treatment is too aggressive. We present a case where this prophylactic procedure produced life-threatening complications for a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. 相似文献
146.
SR Kulkarni E Fletcher AK McConnell KR Poskitt MR Whyman 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2010,92(8):700-705
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of pre-operative inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory variables in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS
Respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory [MIP] and expiratory [MEP] mouth pressure) and pulmonary functions were measured at least 2 weeks before surgery in 80 patients awaiting major abdominal surgery. Patients were then allocated randomly to one of four groups (Group A, control; Group B, deep breathing exercises; Group C, incentive spirometry; Group D, specific IMT). Patients in groups B, C and D were asked to train twice daily, each session lasting 15 min, for at least 2 weeks up to the day before surgery. Outcome measurements were made immediately pre-operatively and postop-eratively.RESULTS
In groups A, B and C, MIP did not increase from baseline to pre-operative assessments. In group D, MIP increased from 51.5 cmH2O (median) pre-training to 68.5 cmH2O (median) post-training pre-operatively (P < 0.01). Postoperatively, groups A, B and C showed a fall in MIP from baseline (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and P = 0.06, respectively). No such significant reduction in postoperative MIP was seen in group D (P = 0.36).CONCLUSIONS
Pre-operative specific IMT improves MIP pre-operatively and preserves it postoperatively. Further studies are required to establish if this is associated with reduced pulmonary complications. 相似文献147.
148.
MR Youssefi SH Hoseini SM Hoseini BA Zaheri M Abouhosseini Tabari 《Iranian Journal of Parasitology》2010,5(1):61-63
Ancylostoma tubaeforme was originally described as a separate species parasitizing the cat. The adults of A. tubaeforme are 7 to 12 mm long. A. tubaeforme can be differentiated from the adults of A. braziliense and A. ceylanicum by the presence of three teeth. Here we describe the first report of A. tubaeforme in a Persian young female leopard, 2–3 years old, with head and trunk length 120 centimeters, length of tail 98 centimeters and body weight 35 kilograms. 相似文献
149.
J. Ventura‐Juarez MR. Campos‐Esparza J. Pacheco‐Yepez J. A López‐Blanco A. Adabache‐Ortíz M. Silva‐Briano R. Campos‐Rodríguez 《Parasite immunology》2016,38(8):503-509
Entamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. In the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. It has been reported that these immune cells, activated by E. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antimicrobial peptides. It is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are able to damage and kill pathogens. Studies have shown that intracellular protozoan pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondi, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania spp, induce neutrophils to release NETs and are damaged by them. However, the action of this mechanism has not been explored in relation to E. histolytica trophozoites. Through scanning electron, epifluorescence microscopy and viability assays, we show for first time that during in vitro interaction with E. histolytica trophozoites, human neutrophils released NETs that covered amoebas and reduced amoebic viability. These NETs presented histones, myeloperoxidase and decondensed chromatin. The results suggest that NETs participate in the elimination of the parasite. 相似文献
150.
Expert Panel on MR Safety: Emanuel Kanal MD A. James Barkovich MD Charlotte Bell MD James P. Borgstede MD William G. Bradley Jr MD PhD Jerry W. Froelich MD J. Rod Gimbel MD John W. Gosbee MD Ellisa Kuhni‐Kaminski RT Paul A. Larson MD James W. Lester Jr MD John Nyenhuis PhD Daniel Joe Schaefer PhD Elizabeth A. Sebek RN BSN Jeffrey Weinreb MD Bruce L. Wilkoff MD Terry O. Woods PhD Leonard Lucey JD Dina Hernandez BSRT 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2013,37(3):501-530
Because there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献