多功能验光试镜装置的研制

本文介绍了一种多功能验光试镜装置的设计和应用，通过比较，得出该试镜架比之传统器械具有的优势，在可调散光轴位、可调瞳距、可调镜腿、可调鼻托方面更方便、简捷，且重量轻更加契合人体生理特点，进一步满足临床对眼镜度数的检查需要。最后提出了一些改进意见。     

妊娠压力对大鼠子代早期空间学习记忆能力的影响

【目的】探索妊娠期精神压力对大鼠子代早期空间学习、记忆能力的影响。【方法】实验采取产前束缚压力,建立妊娠期大鼠精神压力暴露模型。然后对子代进行Morris水迷宫测试,分析妊娠期压力对子代早期学习和记忆的影响及性别间的差异,同时检测实验前、后子鼠的血清肾上腺酮的变化。【结果】①在隐蔽平台试验中,对照组的平均潜伏期较实验组短,但差异无显著性(F=0.599,P>0.05)。②在保持力试验中,对照组在原平台所在象限逗留的时间大于实验组,差异有显著性(F=4.588,P<0.05)。③子代血清肾上腺酮的测定结果表明:水迷宫测试前,实验组和对照组相比,差异无显著性(F=0.169,P>0.05);实验后,实验组血清肾上腺酮比对照组高,差异具有显著性(F=6.098,P<0.05)。【结论】①妊娠压力可导致子代学习,记忆能力的改变;②妊娠压力造成子代在应激情况下血清肾上腺酮的过度分泌。③妊娠压力对子代的影响没有明显性别差异。     

安定对大鼠局灶性脑梗死半影区神经细胞死亡的保护作用

目的　研究安定对光化学诱发脑梗死后细胞死亡的保护作用 .方法　使用光化学诱发的大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型 .采用原位末端标记技术 (TU NEL)检测凋亡细胞 .大鼠脑梗死术后存活 3,6 ,12 ,2 4 ,4 8和 72 h,分别观察梗死灶坏死中心面积和凋亡细胞数目 .术前 2 4 h开始腹腔注射安定 (10mg·kg- 1· 8h- 1 ) ,直到处死动物 .结果　TUNEL 阳性细胞位于坏死中心与正常皮层之间的半影区 .TUNEL 阳性细胞的均数随着梗死后时间的延长逐渐增多 ,2 4 h达到高峰 .在2 4 h时间点 ,安定治疗组梗死坏死中心的平均最大面积和TUNEL阳性细胞均数与对照组相比 ,明显减少 (P<0 .0 0 1) .结论　安定可明显减少成年大鼠局灶性脑梗死后的细胞坏死和凋亡 .该结果可为临床使用安定治疗缺血性脑血管病提供理论依据     

1993年云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者艾滋病病毒感染定群研究

１９９３年３月对已建立一年的吸毒者定群研究现场──云南省德宏州瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县再次进行调查。本次调查７５５例吸毒者及１０２例配偶。从１９９２年进入定群研究ＨＩＶ阴性的８９例静脉吸毒者中，１９９３年又采到血样有５４例，其中９例血清转阳。瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县１９９２年和１９９３年静注者血清阳转率（／百观察人年）分别为４３．２％及４０．０％，１２．２％及１２．２％，０％及０％。１９９３年新进入定群研究的１１６例静注者中，采集到血样的有１０４例，发现ＨＩＶ阳性３８例。上述三市县１９９２年及１９９３年入定群研究的静注者的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为８１．８％及８５．７％，４４．６％及４０．０％，５．１％及０％。可以看出血清阳转率的高低与ＨＩＶ感染率高低相吻合。ＨＩＶ阳性者的配偶１９９０、１９９２及１９９３年的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为３．１％、９．８％和７．４％，有上升趋势。潞西县ＨＩＶ阳性者少，静脉注射出现时间晚，但近年来静脉吸毒者比例上升快，值得注意。     

Point mutation in the parkin gene on patients with Parkinson’s disease

Summary To investigate the distribution of possible novel mutations from parkin gene in variant subset of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in China and explore whether parkin gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, 70 patients were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group; 70 healthy subjects were included as controls. Genomic DNA from 70 normal controls and from those of PD patients were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by using standard procedures. Mutations of parkin gene (exon 1–12) in all the subjects were screened by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and further sequencing was performed in the samples with abnormal SSCP results, in order to confirm the mutation and its location. A new missense mutation Gly284Arg in a patient and 3 abnormal bands in SSCP electrophoresis from samples of another 3 patients were found. All the DNA variants were sourced from the samples of the patients with early-onset PD. It was concluded that Parkin point mutation also partially contributes to the development of early-onset Parkinson’s disease in Chinese. WANG Tao, male, born in 1961, Associate Professor This work was supported by grants from the key program of the special scientific project of Scientific & Technologic Agency of Hubei Province (Serial No. 2001AA308B01) and the Hygienic Research Project of Hygienic Agency of Hubei province (Serial No. WJ 01529).     

痛力克对癌症疼痛镇痛效果的临床观察

应用印度ＬＵＰＩＮ公司提供的痛力克（酮酷酸氨丁三醇 ）对中重度癌症疼痛３０例进行镇痛效果的临床观察，有效率９３％，平均显效时间９ｍｉｎ，均数缓解时间５．１ｈ，并用哌替啶做了同期交叉自身镇痛对比研究，结果表明：两药的镇痛效果相似（Ｐ＞０．０５），但痛力克的不良反应发生率明显低于哌替啶。     

Influence of mild hypothermia on vascular endothelial growth factor and infarct volume in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia in rats

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia. However, the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, stabilizing blood brain barrier, etc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats, and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING: Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yunyang Medical College. MATERIALS: Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree, weighing (250±30) g, were provided by the animal experimental center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University. The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Neurology, Renmen Hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005. ① The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group (n =10) and mild hypothermia group (n =10). Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization. The rats were assessed with the Longa standards: 0 point for without nerve dysfunction; 1 for mild neurological deficit (fore claws could no extend completely); 2 for moderate neurological deficit (circling towards the affected side); 3 for severe neurological deficit (tilting towards the affected side); 4 for coma and unconscious; 1-3 points represented that models were successfully established. The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature, and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively, and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35 ℃ for 72 hours. ② Measurement of infarct volume: All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection overdose sodium pentobarbital 7 days postoperatively, and then the heads were cut down to harvest brain. The brain tissues were placed into -20 ℃ refrigerator for 20 minutes, coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. The infarct sites were not stained, whereas normal brain tissues were stained as red. The infarct volumes were calculated by using MPLAS-500 multimedia color pathological image&&word analytical system. ③ Counting positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein: The brains were harvested by cutting heads, then coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared. Routine dehydration, hyalinization, wax immersion and embedding were performed, then the detected with SP immunohistochemistry, the kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The cells whose cytoplasm was yellow-brown were positive ones, a single sample as a unit, peri-ischemic site and ischemic core were selected, and the corresponding sites in controlateral hemisphere were taken as controls. Five visual fields were selected from each site to be observed under microscope, the cells were counted, and the average number of positive cells was calculated in each group. The numbers of positive cells were determined with the image analytical apparatus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of the positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein; Infarct volume of rat brain tissue. RESULTS: All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Number of positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in brain tissue: It was obviously lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(24.02±5.05), (36.07±2.69) cells/high power visual field, P < 0.01]. ② Comparison of infarct volume of brain tissue: After MCAO, it was obviously smaller in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group [(153.25±23.14), (253.45±36.21) mm3, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decrease the volume of cerebral infarction. The inhibition of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be one of the brain protective mechanisms.     

Transformation of immortal, non-tumorigenic osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells to the tumorigenic phenotype by nickel sulfate

Epidemiological studies have indirectly linked compounds ofchromium, nickel and arsenic to human carcinogenesis. However,there is no evidence that metal compounds can transform humancells to the tumorigenic phenotype in culture. We show herethat exposure to 36 µM NiS0₄ for 48–96 h resultsin transformation of an immortal, non-tumorigenic, osteoblast-likecell line, HOS TE85, to the tumorigenic phenotype. Continuouspassaging following treatment leads to the formation of a fewdense foci. The cells isolated and expanded from the foci aremorphologically transformed, and form anchorage-independentcolonies of the size and abundance comparable to that formedby Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed HOS TE85 cells.The transformed cells from tumors in nude mice, have enhancedlevels of plasminogen activators and have lost the ability toform model bone matrix on extended culture in the presence ofascorbic acid and ß-glycerophosphate. A number ofcell lines have been established from nude mouse tumors. Cytogeneticanalysis reveals 16 marker chromosomes and an aberrant chromosome16. This is the first report of the transformation of a humancell line to tumorigenic phenotype by a metal carcinogen.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤影像与病理诊断分析

目的 探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的影像及病理学的诊断要点。资料与方法 回顾分析11例经手术切除、病理学和免疫组织化学证实的胰腺实性一假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料，以比较其影像和病理学特点。结果 (1)本病多发于30岁以下女性，临床主要表现为腹痛。(2)CT、MRI表现为肿瘤内有实性和囊性结构，可分为3型；特征性表现为“浮云征”。(3)肿瘤大部分位于胰腺，多有完整包膜，不伴有胆总管扩张。(4)病理学特点为肿瘤实性部分由实性区、假乳头区及两者过渡区以不同比例混合而成。囊性区由坏死、液化、陈旧性出血组成。(5)肿瘤的囊实性结构是形成“浮云征”的病理基础。结论 胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤有相对特征性的影像和病理学表现，术后预后较好。