Hepatitis B virus variants in an HIV-HBV co-infected patient at different periods of antiretroviral treatment with and without lamivudine

Background  

Lamivudine inhibits replication of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is commonly used as part of antiretroviral therapy. The main limitation in the use of lamivudine is resistant mutation selection. Most of these mutations affect the YMDD motif of the HBV DNA polymerase. The resistance occurs through M550V or M550I aminoacid replacements. The M550V variation may be accompanied by L526M mutation, notably in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate mutations associated with lamivudine resistance in a hemodialysis patient chronically co-infected with HIV-1 and HBV, who was submitted to several antiretroviral treatments.     

Erythrocyte insulin-reactive system and carbohydrate metabolism in bronchial asthma

AIM: Analysis of insulin-reactive system of erythrocytes and carbohydrate metabolism in bronchial asthma (BA) at cell and other levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 106 patients with BA, 26 healthy subjects and 10 healthy subjects with familial history of atopy participated in the study. Glucose tolerance and colorimetric tests were made to measure glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, respectively. Erythrocytic insulin reactivity was assessed using an original method. Bronchial resistance was determined and specific bronchial conduction was calculated. Acetylcholine test was conducted before and after a single inhalation of 5% isoosmolar glucose solution. RESULTS: Atopic BA was characterized by a trend to hypoglycemia, low glycosylation of red cell hemoglobin, impaired membrane transport of glucose in red cells, a hypoglycemic type of glucose tolerance test curve, a paradoxical reaction of erythrocytes to insulin and adrenaline--release of glucose. CONCLUSION: The detected changes in cell insulin reactivity in atopic BA and positive effects of 5% glucose solution inhalations on bronchial hyperreactivity in BA patients provide grounds for development of new therapeutic approaches in BA.     

The involution of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in dogs

Summary Over a six-month period following the end of the cholesterol and 6-methylthiouracil feeding period, the ballistocardiographic changes in dogs went back more rapidly and more completely to the initial level than the electrocardiographic changes.Pathological and histological investigations of the cardiovascular system and internal organs of these animals showed involution of atherosclerotic lesions.High blood cholesterol 2 months after the administration of cholesterol was stopped points to important metabolic damage.(Presented by V. V. Parin, Active Member of the AMN SSSR) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 50, No. 10, pp. 58–61, October, 1960     

Effect of NO synthase inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dihydro- 4<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,3-thiazine on endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamic parameters and respiration in rats

We studied the effect of NO synthase inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine (2-ADT) on the cardiovascular system in rats with endotoxic shock. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded. E. coli lipopolysaccharide decreased blood pressure and heart rate. 2-ADT in a dose of 5 mg/kg normalized these hemodynamic parameters. The normalizing effect of 2-ADT decreased with increasing the dose of this preparation. 2-ADT in high doses (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) and repeated injections of the preparation caused death of experimental animals.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 446–449, October, 2004     

Effect of NO synthase inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dihydro- 4<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-1,3-thiazine on endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamic parameters and respiration in rats

We studied the effect of NO synthase inhibitor 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine (2-ADT) on the cardiovascular system in rats with endotoxic shock. Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded. E. coli lipopolysaccharide decreased blood pressure and heart rate. 2-ADT in a dose of 5 mg/kg normalized these hemodynamic parameters. The normalizing effect of 2-ADT decreased with increasing the dose of this preparation. 2-ADT in high doses (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) and repeated injections of the preparation caused death of experimental animals.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 446–449, October, 2004     

Comparative analysis of approaches to surgical cochlear implantation in adults and children

The aim of a surgical stage of cochlear implantation (CI) is to place the implanted part of the device in the temporal space. Criteria of the decision on the side of the intervention and components of it in CI are outlined. To help selection of an optimal variant of surgical intervention in CI at the initial stage, the techniques of the implanted parts insertion are reviewed. Types of skin cuts, approaches to the cochlea, location of cochleostoma, methods of fixing the stimulator are described. The importance of intraoperative registration of the musculus stapedius reflex and action potential of the acoustic nerve in response to cochlear electrostimulation is emphasized. Basing on the experience of treating 38 deaf patients, the author states that for effective performance of the operation it is desirable to conduct reverse U-cut of the skin, make posterior tympanostoma, cochleostoma in the basic cochlear margin, suturing of the cut with intracutaneous suture.