1例多器官功能衰竭体外膜肺联合连续性血液净化治疗的护理

对1例肺、肾功能衰竭患者行组合式体外膜肺联合连续性血液净化治疗,结果患者病情得到控制并最终康复出院.提出多器官功能衰竭患者病情发展迅速,预后极差,在临床上除行体外膜肺联合连续性血液净化治疗的护理外,还应注意预防感染、出血等严重并发症,以积极改善预后,提高患者生活质量.     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT特征

目的:探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现及特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术或穿刺活检证实的7例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现。结果:7例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,共发现8个病灶。CT平扫均表现为低密度,其中4个病灶内可测得脂肪密度,CT值<-20HU,1个病灶内可见略高密度出血区及低密度囊变区。增强扫描动脉期8个病灶均显著强化,其中7个病灶为团片状不均匀强化,1个病灶为均匀强化。门脉期6个病灶持续或渐进性强化。5例加行延迟扫描,其中4个病灶仍持续强化。动脉期和/或门脉期6个病灶可见中心血管影。结论:肿瘤内含脂肪成分、动脉期显著不均匀强化、门脉期和延迟期持续或渐进性强化及中心血管影是肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的特征性CT表现。     

Efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

In recent years, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) has emerged as a novel therapeutic endoscopic technique for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of STER for upper gastrointestinal SMTs.

Methods

A systematic search of both English and Chinese databases was performed until November 15, 2015. Complete resection and en bloc resection rates were considered the primary outcome measures. Prevalence of complications was considered the secondary outcome measure. A random-effects model was used to generate conservative estimates of the prevalence of the main outcome variables. All data analyses were performed using Meta-Analyst software (version beta 3.13).

Results

A total of 28 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled complete resection and en bloc resection rates were 97.5 % (95 % CI 96.0–98.5 %) and 94.6 % (95 % CI 91.5–96.7 %), respectively. The common complications associated with STER were air leakage symptoms and perforation. The pooled prevalence of air leakage symptoms was 14.8 % (95 % CI 10.5–20.5 %) for subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum, 6.1 % (95 % CI 4.0–9.0 %) for pneumothorax and 6.8 % (95 % CI 4.7–9.6 %) for pneumoperitoneum. Additionally, the pooled prevalence of perforation was 5.6 % (95 % CI 3.7–8.2 %). Only a few cases of bleeding were reported in two studies.

Conclusions

STER is a highly feasible and safe treatment option for upper gastrointestinal SMTs.

     

脑卒中患者跌倒恐惧心理的研究进展

阐述影响脑卒中患者跌倒恐惧的因素,包括人口学因素、跌倒史、平衡功能、功能锻炼情况及焦虑、抑郁情绪等。提出医护人员可通过评估工具对患者跌倒恐惧情况进行测量,根据患者的个体情况,制定相应的干预措施,帮助患者降低跌倒恐惧,提升其日常生活功能的独立性,增强其对自身跌倒预防的信心,从而有效预防脑卒中患者跌倒的发生。     

大庆市社区脑卒中患者残疾状况及影响因素分析

目的了解大庆市社区脑卒中患者残疾率,并探究相关影响因素,以期为此类患者开展社区护理提供参考。方法随机整群抽取大庆市5个社区的311例脑卒中患者,采用一般资料调查表和改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)进行问卷调查。结果社区脑卒中患者总残疾率为38.59%,轻、中、重度残疾率分别为12.86%、7.07%和18.65%。年龄、脑卒中类型、发作次数、高血压为影响社区脑卒中患者残疾的独立危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论大庆市社区脑卒中患者残疾率较高,多种因素影响患者残疾。建议制定社区脑卒中患者康复治疗方案及健康管理体系,改善脑卒中患者的预后,提高其生活质量。     

Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Population‐Based Study and Benchmark Dose Estimation in Southern China

This study aimed to assess the association between osteoporosis and long‐term environmental Cd exposure through diet in southern China. A total of 1116 subjects from a Cd‐polluted area and a non‐Cd‐polluted area were investigated. All subjects met the criteria of having been living in the investigated area for more than 15 years and lived on a subsistence diet of rice and vegetables grown in that area. Besides bone mineral density, the levels of urinary markers of early renal impairment, such as urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG), α₁‐microglobulin, β₂‐microglobulin, and urinary albumin, were also determined. Urinary Cd concentrations of all studied subjects ranged from 0.21 to 87.31 µg/g creatinine, with a median of 3.97 µg/g creatinine. Multivariate linear regression models indicated a significant negative association of urinary Cd concentrations with bone mineral density. In logistic regression models, both categorical and continuous urinary Cd concentrations were positively associated with osteoporosis. Subjects in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of urinary Cd concentration had greater odds of osteoporosis compared with subjects in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 5.33; OR = 4.63, 95% CI, 2.68 to 7.98; OR = 9.15, 95% CI, 5.26 to 15.94, respectively). Additional adjustment for levels of urinary markers did not attenuate the associations. No evidence existed of an interaction between urinary Cd concentration and renal function using levels of urinary markers, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In all subjects, the benchmark dose and benchmark dose lower bound were 1.14 (0.61) and 2.73 (1.83) µg/g creatinine, with benchmark response set at 5% and 10%, respectively. The benchmark dose of urinary Cd was lower in women than in men. This study demonstrated an inverse association between the body burden of Cd and osteoporosis. The toxic effect of Cd on bone may occur in parallel to nephrotoxicity. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

婴儿先天性白内障术后硬性透气性接触镜与框架眼镜效果对比

目的比较硬性透气性角膜接触镜(RGPCL)与框架眼镜对婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼的矫正效果。方法本研究为前瞻性研究。收集3~12月龄婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼46例(72只眼)随机分为两组,A组为佩戴RGPCL者,20例(31只眼);B组为佩戴框架眼镜者,26例(41只眼)。术后进行视功能训练,随访12个月。比较两组效果。结果两组患儿术后12个月视力较术后1个月视力明显提高(A组:Z=-6.791,P=0.000;B组:Z=-7.427,P=0.000),术后12个月视力A组较B组提高更显著,差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.496,P=0.000)。A组的眼球震颤缓解率为54.55%高于B组的25.00%,但两者之间差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.135,P=0.144)。A组建立的双眼同时视者占55.56%高于B组的21.43%,但两者之间差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.807,P=0.094)。术后屈光度和眼轴长度两组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未见因佩戴而出现与视力相关的眼部并发症。结论RGPCL用于矫正婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼效果优于框架眼镜,能更好地改善患儿视力,有助于视功能的重建。     

癌症患者预立医疗照护计划选择偏好的研究进展

在对预立医疗照护计划概念、选择偏好概念及评估方法综述的基础上,总结癌症患者在实施地点与环境、实施人员、讨论时机与决策内容4个方面的预立医疗照护计划选择偏好,并从患者、医疗、家庭支持以及制度与政策4个层面总结癌症患者预立医疗照护计划选择偏好的影响因素,指出存在的问题及研究方向,旨在为国内推进预立医疗照护计划的开展提供参考。     

感染预防和控制护理缺失量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的 对英文版感染预防和控制护理缺失量表进行汉化,为评估护士在医院感染预防和控制活动上的缺失提供有效的测量工具。方法 按照Brislin原则对英文版量表进行翻译,通过专家咨询和预试验进行跨文化调适后,并采用便利抽样法选取450名护士进行问卷调查。通过经典测量理论和项目反应理论的Rasch模型对问卷进行信效度检验。结果 中文版感染预防和控制护理缺失量表由分量表B(31个条目,感控护理活动缺失的类型及频率)和分量表C(20个条目,感控护理缺失的原因)组成,分量表总的Cronbach′s α系数分别为0.973和0.902,重测信度分别为0.917和0.957,内容效度(S-CVI)分别为0.973和0.949。Rasch分析中残差主成分分析显示分量表B符合单维性,分量表C非单维性,其4个维度符合单维性;分量表B、C的项目信度分别为0.97和0.98,分离指数分别为5.27和7.20,样本信度分别为0.85和0.88,分离指数分别为2.42和2.73。结论 中文版感控护理缺失量表信效度较好,可作为评估护士的感控护理缺失现状及分析缺失原因的测量工具。