Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with hBMP-2-gene-modified tissue-engineered bone in goats

The efficacy of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-gene-modified bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated for the repair of experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in goats. Bilateral early-stage osteonecrosis was induced in adult goats three weeks after ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex arteries and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head. After core decompression, porous beta-TCP loaded with BMP-2 gene- or beta-galactosidase (gal)-gene-transduced BMSCs was implanted into the left and right femoral heads, respectively. At 16 weeks after implantation, there was collapse of the femoral head in the untreated group but not in the BMP-2 or beta-gal groups. The femoral heads in the BMP-2 group had a normal density and surface, while those in the beta-gal group presented with a low density and an irregular surface. Histologically, new bone and fibrous tissue were formed in the macropores of the beta-TCP. Sixteen weeks after implantation, lamellar bone had formed in the BMP-2 group, but there were some empty cavities and residual fibrous tissue in the beta-gal group. The new bone volume in the BMP-2 group was significantly higher than that in the beta-gal group. The maximum compressive strength and Young's modulus of the repaired tissue in the BMP-2 group were similar to those of normal bone and significantly higher than those in the beta-gal group. Our findings indicate that porous beta-TCP loaded with BMP-2-gene-transduced BMSCs are capable of repairing early-stage, experimentally-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and of restoring its mechanical function.     

Comparison of immediate postoperative pain after transvaginal versus traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background

Transvaginal cholecystectomy (TVC) is the most common natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) performed in women, yet there is a paucity of data on intraoperative and immediate postoperative pain management. Previous studies have demonstrated that NOTES procedures are associated with less postoperative pain and faster recovery times. This study analyzes intraoperative and postoperative opioid use for TVC compared with traditional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs).

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive TVC and LC female patients between August 2009 and August 2012 in an academic institution. We compared demographics, intraoperative and postoperative opioid use and times in the operating room (OR) and in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU).

Results

A total of 68 TVC and 67 LC patients were included in this study. The TVC and LC groups were similar in terms of age (both 41 years) and body mass index (29 and 31 kg/m², respectively). The intraoperative preparation, surgical, and emergence times were significantly longer for the TVC than for the LC (p ≤ 0.01). Compared with the LC group, the intraoperative opioid requirement was significantly greater (TVC 27 mg vs. LC 25 mg; p = 0.003), but after adjusting for anesthesia time, the difference in OR opioid consumption became non-significant (p = 0.08). The PACU opioid requirement (TVC 2.5 vs. LC 5 mg; p = 0.04) was significantly lower for the TVC group, and a greater proportion of patients did not need any pain medications (TVC 38 % vs. LC 21 %; p = 0.04), compared with the LC group. The average PACU pain scores were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.45).

Conclusion

TVC patients did not experience more pain than LC patients. Although the average pain scores of TVC patients did not differ from those of the LC patients, TVC patients did require less pain medication in the PACU.     

胃间质瘤腹腔镜切除与开放手术疗效对比研究

目的：比较胃间质瘤（GST）腹腔镜切除和开放手术方法的效果及预后。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2013年3月收治的胃间质瘤患者63例,其中37例采用腹腔镜切除（腹腔镜组）,26例为传统开放手术切除（开放组）,分析对比两组患者临床病理特征、手术情况及随访资料等。结果（1）腹腔镜组手术时间为（60.7±16.6）min,明显短于开放组的（127.7±31.3）min （t=11.023）;腹腔镜组的胃管拔出时间短于开放组[（2.6±0.7）d vs（5.6±1.1）d,t=13.231],术中出血量更少[（56.8±10.0）ml vs（104.4±21.2）ml,t=11.927],住院时间更短[（5.8±0.8）d vs（10.9±1.4）d, t=18.339],差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）腹腔镜组患者中位生存期为56.3个月,开放组中位生存期为48.6个月。Log-Rank检验显示组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;腹腔镜组患者无复发,开放组无复发生存率85.0%,组间差异有统计学意义（P=0.039）。结论相对于开放手术,腹腔镜胃间质瘤切除具有手术时间短、住院时间短、复发率低等优势。     

Transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder

Introduction and hypothesis

We present three cases of transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder, including patient follow-up. Mesh exposure occurred secondary to placement of transvaginal mesh for management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods

A pure transvaginal technique was performed to remove mesh exposure involving the bladder. Patient follow-ups were carefully recorded.

Results

All operative steps were completed transvaginally. The duration of follow-up for the three cases was 6, 11, and 19 months. One patient experienced recurrence of mesh exposure during follow-up. The other two patients were symptom-free after surgery. There were no major postoperative complications and no recurrence of cystocele.

Conclusions

Transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder is feasible. The pure transvaginal approach is applicable to various conditions with good outcomes, yet it cannot guarantee that exposure of residual fibers within the bladder will not recur.     

The Addition of Radiation to Chemotherapy does not Improve Outcome When Compared to Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Resected Pancreas Cancer: The Results of a Single-Institution Experience

Background

Pancreas cancer is highly lethal even at early stages. Adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiation (CRT) is standard following surgery to delay recurrence and improve survival. There is no consensus on the added value of radiotherapy (RT). We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes in pancreas cancer patients treated with CT or CRT following surgery.

Methods

Patients with resected pancreas adenocarcinoma were identified in our institutional database. Relevant clinicopathologic and demographic data were collected. Patients were grouped according to adjuvant treatment: group A: no treatment; group B: CT; group C: CRT. The primary endpoint of overall survival was compared between groups B vs. C. Univariate and multivariate analyses of potential prognostic factors were conducted including all patients.

Results

A total of 146 evaluable patients were included (group A: n = 33; group B: n = 45; group C: n = 68). Demographics and pathologic characteristics were comparable. There was no significant survival benefit for CRT compared with CT (mOS 16.8 months vs. 21.5 months, respectively, p = 0.76). Local recurrence rates were similar in all three groups. Univariate analyses identified absence of lymph node involvement (hazards ratio [HR] 1.43, p = 0.0082) and administration of adjuvant therapy (HR 0.496, p = 0.0008) as significant predictors for improved survival. Multivariate analyses suggested that patients without nodal involvement derived the most benefit from adjuvant treatment.

Conclusions

The addition of RT to CT did not improve survival over CT. Lymph node involvement predicts inferior clinical outcome.     

疝囊腹膜前间隙还原法治疗股疝疗效分析

目的探讨疝囊腹膜前间隙还原法治疗股疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年3月,西安电力中心医院采用疝囊腹膜前间隙还原法治疗股疝27例患者的临床资料。结果27例患者手术时间35～66min,平均46min。患者在术后24～48h均能够下床活动,切口仅有轻微疼痛,无发生切口感染、局部血肿等并发症,术后随访6～24个月,均无复发。结论疝囊腹膜前间隙还原法治疗股疝符合现代疝修补的理念,采用腹股沟入路的方式,易于掌握,效果良好,并发症少,值得推广。     

重视门静脉高压症脾切除断流术后门静脉系统血栓的诊治

正脾切除贲门周围血管离断术(脾切除断流术)是临床上治疗门静脉高压症的主要术式,能够有效降低门静脉压力,对于上消化道出血的止血效果确切并且能够增加入肝血流,改善患者的肝功能。然而,脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成(postsplenectomy-portal vein system thrombosis,PS-PVST)的发生率很高[1-5]。PS-PVST的存在将导致门静脉压力再次升高,引起反复发作的腹水和静脉曲张出血。若不及时进行干预治疗,病情进一步发展将引起肝内缺血,诱发急性肝衰竭和肝性脑病,严重威胁患者生命。此外,肠系膜上静脉     

2013年-2017年某三甲医院住院病例死因分析

目的分析冀鲁豫交界某三甲医院5年住院患者死因构成特点,为提升医疗技术与质量管理、合理配置医疗资源提供参考。方法收集某三甲医院2013年1月1日-2017年12月31日1329例住院死亡病例相关基本信息,按照ICD-10分类标准,采用统计描述、趋势分析、χ^2检验等统计方法进行回顾性分析。结果2013年-2017年某院共出院患者319481人次,死亡1329例,病死率为4.16%,住院患者病死率随年份有线性上升趋势。男性死亡845例,死亡率为0.55%,女性494例,死亡率为0.29%,男女死亡率差异有统计学意义;≥65岁年龄组病死率最高为1.07%,5岁~14岁年龄组病死率最低为0.09%,不同年龄组病死率差异有统计学意义。前5位死因及顺位为循环系统疾病(35.99%)、肿瘤(24.92%)、损伤及中毒(14.16%)、呼吸系统疾病(8.66%)、消化系统疾病(4.74%)。循环系统疾病前5位病种死因构成比为70.71%,恶性肿瘤前5位病种死因构成比为71.0%,损伤、中毒前5位病种死因构成比为96.81%。结论循环系统为重要死亡原因,医院应着重提高医疗技术与多学科综合协作救治能力,采取措施降低中低风险死亡率,重视循环系统疾病的早期筛查和干预,还要加强对高年龄患者慢性病的防治和心理疏导。