288例老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布特性及药敏分析

目的: 了解老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌的分布特点及药敏特性.方法: 对288例老年呼吸道感染患者痰样本(NCCLS法)进行细菌培养,K-B纸片法进行药敏测定.结果: 患者痰中共检出病原菌400株,细菌280株,其中G-杆菌147株,占36.75%, G 球菌133株,占33.25%.肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌最敏感药的是头孢他啶,敏感率均为40%以上,肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最敏感药的是万古霉素;检出真菌120株,占30%,以白色念珠菌为主.结论: 进行病原菌跟踪监测及时的药敏试验,对及时控制老年呼吸道感染,是不可缺少的重要环节.     

听神经瘤引起突发性听力减退

为了避免听神经瘤的误诊误治，对１９８６￣１９９５年收治听神经瘤１０４例中２３例（２４耳）首发症状表现为突发性听力减退者（占２３％）的病例进行分析。听力学检测：纯音听阈〉７１ｄＢ ＨＬ者１３耳，占５４．２％，听性脑干反应（ＡＢＲ）检测均有异常；耳蜗电图－ＳＰ／ＡＰ检测９耳中７耳〉０．４，占７７．８％，声反射检测１１耳均消失。眼震电图检测１８例，１７例异常（占９４．４％），影像学检查ＣＴ阳性率８８．８     

儿童慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的诊断探讨

为探讨儿童弥漫性甲状腺肿的简便和精确的诊断方法，对已经细针穿刺细胞学检查和甲状腺自身抗体检测的５０例弥漫性甲状腺肿患儿同时应用Ｂ超进行了甲状腺扫描检查，以１０９名７～１４岁正常儿童的甲状腺超声影像作对比。结果：正常儿童甲状腺的影像为略强于其周围肌肉组织的均匀回声图；弥漫性甲状腺肿患儿的甲状腺体积明显大于正常同龄儿童；细胞学确诊为慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的２６例中２２例（８４．６％）Ｂ超回声图像呈大小不等的低回声区改变，其中１８例（８１．８％）伴自身抗体阳性；而细胞学诊断为甲状腺弥漫性增生的２４例患儿中则１７例（７０．８％）Ｂ超回声图像正常，仅７例（２９．１％）呈异常回声图，且均伴自身抗体阳性，其中２例１年后细胞学复查证实为慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎。Ｂ超结合自身抗体的检测与细胞学检查的诊断符合率为９２％。提示：Ｂ超作为一种简便易行、无创伤、可反复进行的检查手段，辅以血清学检测，对儿童慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的诊断有较好的实用价值。     

肾上腺素诱导兔血小板聚集的实践与理论探讨

目的创建以Ａｄｒ诱导兔血小板聚集的方法，并对受体分子特性作初步探讨。方法以高Ｋ＋缓冲液等取代兔ＰＲＰ中血浆，以Ａｄｒ诱导聚集，以Ａｐｙｒ证实结果。结果兔血小板悬浮于高Ｋ＋缓冲液时Ａｄｒ能单独诱导真正的聚集。结论由此推测血小板膜上α２肾上腺素受体分子可能为由两种亚单位组成：促聚亚单位和辅助亚单位。人辅助亚单位当Ａｄｒ浓度高达聚集阈值以上时可被激活，与促聚亚单位结合为活性的二聚体，与Ａｄｒ进一步结合发生聚集作用。兔辅助亚单位则还需要高Ｋ＋方能被激活     

乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成的临床病理学意义

肿瘤血管生成（ＴｕｍｏｒＡｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ，ＴＡ）是目前肿瘤研究的重要课题，其研究目的在于探讨ＴＡ的预后价值以及预测肿瘤对抗血管生成药物的反应。本文应用第八因子相关抗原多克隆抗体对６５例乳腺浸润性导管癌（以下简称乳腺癌）进行了微血管的定量研究。结果显示：腋下淋巴结阳性病例组织的微血管密度（ＭｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌＤｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ＭＶＤ）（１２９．７±４４．９）明显高于腋下淋巴结阴性（ＮｏｄｅＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢｒｅａｓｔＣａｎｃｅｒ，ＮＮＢＣ）病例组的ＭＶＤ（７９．６±３３．６），差异呈极显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；发生术后复发及远处转移的病例的ＭＶＤ均值高达１４５．３；以上结果提示乳腺癌ＭＶＤ与肿瘤转移、复发均密切相关。我们认为乳腺癌ＭＶＤ可反映其血供状态，ＭＶＤ高的病例微血管丰富，肿瘤组织生长快，癌细胞易于进入微循环而发生转移     

影响中药临床疗效的因素探讨

中药的来源，除部分为人工制品外，主要是天然动、植物和矿物。由于我国土地辽阔，自然地理状况十分复杂，再受到基源、产地、采收季节、加工炮炙、贮藏等因素的影响，使得中药材的有效成分的含量表现出一定的不稳定性。中药的有效成分是防治疾病的基础。中药质量的好坏，直接影响到中药的临床疗效，这已成为临床医师极为关注的问题。     

煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶铜绿假单胞菌感染状况

目的了解煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道产金属内酰胺酶的铜绿假单胞菌(PA)的感染状况及其耐药特性。方法分离下呼吸道感染的煤工尘肺患者痰液标本中的PA，根据药敏试验，筛选可疑产金属内酰胺酶PA，最后依据2-巯基丙酸双纸片法鉴定产金属内酰胺酶PA。结果40株PA中共筛选出10株可疑PA，最终确定产金属内酰胺酶PA6株。这些菌株均有很强的耐药性，对亚胺培南、头孢菌素、含酶抑制剂类抗菌药物全部耐药；对阿米卡星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素等药物部分耐药。产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性远强于不产金属内酰胺酶的PA。结论产金属内酰胺酶PA的耐药性很强，应加强煤工尘肺患者产金属内酰胺酶PA的检测，以利于指导治疗和控制感染。     

Blunt hepatic injury: minimal intervention is the policy of treatment

BACKGROUND: Many publications recommend nonoperative treatment for stable blunt hepatic injury patients. Unstable hemodynamic status is the only indication for surgery. When operation is indicated, controversies exist regarding which operative procedure will be more beneficial to the patients. The purposes of this study are to compare the results of operative and nonoperative management of patients with blunt hepatic injuries and to identify the optimal surgical approach when surgery is indicated. METHODS: Different prospective protocols of treating adult blunt hepatic injuries were conducted. From 1992 to 1993 (group I), urgent surgery would be performed in the presence of hemoperitoneum. The policy shifted to aggressive nonoperative approach between 1996 and 1997 (group II). The patients from each period were divided into three subgroups. Group A included the patients who received nonoperative treatment in either period. Group B consisted of the patients who received surgery in the first period and nonoperative management in the second period. Group C included the patients who were operated on in either group. Comparisons were made between matched groups. RESULTS: Groups IA and IIA patients had minor injuries and could be successfully treated nonoperatively. The results of groups IB and IIB were similar concerning hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Transfusion requirements of group IIB patients were significantly higher (2.2 vs. 1.1 units,p = 0.01) than those of group IB. However, 25 (58%) celiotomies of group IB patients were nontherapeutic. When surgery was indicated, group IC patients had significantly higher liver-related mortality (14 of 49 vs. 3 of 55, p = 0.002). Anatomic resection was performed more frequently in that period. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment significantly decreased the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy but carried the risks of higher transfusion requirements and delaying operation. When surgery was indicated, the policy of minimal intervention positively affected the patients' outcomes. The goal of surgery should be hemorrhage control rather than resection of the injured liver tissues.     

重组人类表皮生长因子在超声乳化白内障摘除术后的应用

目的　观察重组人类表皮生长因子 (rh EGF)滴眼液对超声乳化白内障术后泪膜的疗效。方法　随机选择两组超声乳化白内障术后患者 ,A组 (74只眼 )术后给予 rh EGF眼液 ;B组 (87只眼 )术后给予赋形剂。分别于术后第 1天、7天、15天、30天进行干眼症状、角膜荧光素染色、泪膜破裂时间 (BU T)及泪液分泌试验观察加以比较 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　术后第 7天两组患者的干眼症状、BU T、泪液分泌量及角膜荧光素着色均有好转 (P<0 .0 1) ,两组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而术后第 15天、30天 A组各项检查结果均有反复 ,与术后第 1天比较差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,B组各项检查结果反复较小 ,与术后第 1天比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 rh EGF滴眼液对超声乳化白内障术后泪膜的修复有促进作用。     

膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质的研制

目的 探讨膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质的制作与评价。方法 自膀胱解剖出膀胱粘膜下层，置于PBS、0．5％SDS、双蒸水中反复洗涤去除细胞，必要时加用胰蛋白酶消化。获得的细胞外基质采用HE、免疫组化、扫描电镜评价去细胞效果，细胞植入无细胞基质观察细胞能否粘附于该材料。结果 HE、免疫组化、扫描电镜均未见制备的材料中存在细胞及细胞碎片，体外细胞植入试验见细胞可粘附于材料并增殖。结论 采用本制备方法可以得到膀胱粘膜下层无细胞基质，有望为临床提供尿道下裂生物替代材料。