丹参川芎嗪联合疏血通治疗慢性脑供血不足30例临床研究

目的 观察丹参川芎嗪注射液联合疏血通注射剂治疗慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)的临床疗效及对患者血液动力学的影响.方法 在就诊患者中随机选取90例CCCI患者,随机分为3组,丹川组给予丹参川芎嗪注射液,疏血通组给予疏血通,联合组给予疏血通和丹参川芎嗪,3组均为1次/d,疗程14 d.在治疗前后分别对3组采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)进行脑血流动力学检测;观察治疗前后患者头晕、头痛等临床症状改善情况等的变化.结果 疏血通注射液和丹参川芎嗪注射液均有改善头晕、头痛等症状及改善脑血流动力学的作用,但联合组治疗后头晕、头痛等临床症状减轻更明显,血液流变学改善更显著(P＜0.05).结论 丹参川芎嗪联合疏血通治疗CCCI比单独用药疗效更佳.     

Composition and plasticity of triple-negative breast carcinoma-infiltrating regulatory T cells

Low Foxp3⁺ regulatory T-cell (Treg) presence in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is considered favorable in breast cancer, and numerous CD25-targeting agents have been applied in the attempt to remove Foxp3⁺ Treg cells, which typically present CD4⁺CD25^+/hi surface phenotype. However, CD25 is not Treg-exclusive and can be upregulated by effector T cells. Hence, CD25 depletion may cause the elimination of activated T cells that are responding to tumor-specific antigens. In this study, the composition and function of CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells inside the microenvironment of triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) were investigated. Directly ex vivo, the Foxp3⁺ Treg cells represented a minor subset in total CD4⁺CD25⁺ TILs. Significant differences were observed in the expression of Treg-associated molecules between CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ TILs and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ TILs. While both the CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ and the CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ TILs could express CTLA-4 and LAG-3, the expression levels were significantly higher in CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ TILs than in CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ TILs. Upon TCR stimulation, the expression of TGF-beta was significantly higher in CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ TILs, while the expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ TILs. These differences were conserved in the blood counterparts of these cells. Interestingly, the level of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells in circulating CD4⁺ T cells was positively correlated with the level of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells in CD4⁺ TILs, but the level of CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ cells in circulating CD4⁺ T cells was not associated with the level of CD25⁺Foxp3^- cells in CD4⁺ TILs. Th17-polarizing medium could readily remodel CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻, but not CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺, T cells into RORgammat and IL-17-expressing T cells, demonstrating stronger plasticity of the former subset. Together, these data demonstrated that the CD4⁺CD25⁺ TILs were composed of distinctive Foxp3⁻ and Foxp3⁺ cells, with the former representing the major subset. The antigen specificity and effector molecule expression of the CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ thus require further analyses.     

Publishing in open access era: focus on respiratory journals

We have entered an open access publishing era. The impact and significance of open access is still under debate after two decades of evolution. Open access journals benefit researchers and the general public by promoting visibility, sharing and communicating. Non-mainstream journals should turn the challenge of open access into opportunity of presenting best research articles to the global readership. Open access journals need to optimize their business models to promote the healthy and continuous development.     

创新思维教学模式在基础护理学实验课程中的应用

目的 探索创新思维教学模式在本科生基础护理学实验课程中的应用。方法 2015 级本科两个自然班各37 名学生分为实验组和对照组，实验组采用改革的实验教学措施，包括观看操作教学视频、设计操作剧本并进行展示比赛、设置开放性讨论题等，主要凸显以学生为主体，给学生更多自主学习和自我实践探索的时间和平台；对照组采用“老师示教—学生分组练习—老师总结”的传统实验教学措施，比较两组学生综合素质培养的自评结果、课后测试成绩及护理技能操作考核成绩。结果 实验组学生自评学习兴趣、创新意识、 创新思维等综合素质的提高比对照组高（P ＜ 0.05），实验组学生课后测试成绩和操作考核成绩高于对照组（P ＜ 0.001，P ＜ 0.05）。结论 以创新思维为导向的基础护理学实验教学模式有利于提高护理本科生的创新意识、创新思维、学习兴趣、自主学习和合作学习能力等综合素质。     

MicroRNA-93 promotes bladder cancer proliferation and invasion by targeting PEDF

Objective

MicroRNA-93 (miR-93) is upregulated in the urine of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Here, we investigated the role of miR-93 in BC progression and explored the underlying mechanism.

Other than Daytime Working Is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009

Occupation affects bone mineral density (BMD); however, only few studies have been published. This study evaluated the effect of working time during a day on BMD. The cross-sectional study involved 18- to 50-year-old people who reported their working time and were measured for BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009. The time period of work was divided into “daytime” and “other than daytime.” The other-than-daytime group included evening time, nighttime, regular shift time, and irregular shift time. Among 3,005 subjects, 2,378 were daytime workers and 627 were other-than-daytime workers. The mean BMD of the total femur and lumbar spine were significantly lower in other-than-daytime workers compared to daytime workers (femur 0.948 vs. 0.966 g/cm², respectively, p = 0.001; lumbar spine 0.976 vs. 0.988 g/cm², respectively, p = 0.023). The other-than-daytime group had lower levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D than the daytime group (16.3 vs. 17.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The proportion of osteopenia (T score < ?1.0) was higher in the other-than-daytime than the daytime group (34.3 vs. 29.1 %, p = 0.014). After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, daily intake of calcium, and vitamin D level, the relative risks of osteopenia of regular-shift and irregular-shift workers were significantly higher (1.65, 95 % CI 1.05–2.60; 1.78, 95 % CI 1.09–2.89) than those of daytime workers. These data suggest that other-than-daytime working, especially regular and irregular shift working, is associated with decreased BMD and increased risk for osteopenia in Korean adults.     

Study on prevalence and genotype of hepatitis E virus isolated from Rex Rabbits in Beijing,China

Summary. A novel genotype of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from rabbits is reported. The aim of this study was to confirm and further investigate the prevalence of the novel HEV genotype in rabbits in China. Sera and faecal samples were collected from farmed rex rabbits in Beijing, China. All serum samples were tested for anti‐HEV antibody by EIA. Both the serum and the faecal samples were evaluated for detection of HEV RNA using a nested RT‐PCR assay. The nucleotide sequences of rabbit HEV were then analysed, and sequence homology of rabbit HEV compared against human HEV genotypes 1–4, and avian HEV. Results: The prevalence of positive serum anti‐HEV from rex rabbits was 54.62% (65/119). The detection rate of HEV RNA using ORF2 primers was 6.96% (8/115) amongst rabbit faecal samples. All eight amplicons shared 98.3–100% nucleotide homology with each other and had identities of 75.8–78.6%, 73.9–75.0%, 77.5–81.0%, 74.2–78.6% and 54.8–57.6% with the corresponding regions of genotypes 1–4 and avian HEV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the eight sequences formed one individual branch and were on the same branch with GDC9 and GDC46, both of which were reported to be a novel genotype of HEV isolated from rabbits. The conclusion is that this study provides further information about HEV infecting rabbits, which may be a new animal host of HEV, as well as genetical evidence of a new mammalian genotype of HEV.