Genus Ilex L.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Pharmacology

The genus Ilex L. has been used as remedies in traditional Chinese medicine in Aquifoliaceae and beverages for thousands of years due to abundant pharmaceutical bioactivities. There are 600 species in genus Ilex L. containing various compounds such as terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, etc. Three species, I. cornuta, I. chinensis, and I. rotunda have been admitted in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 to treat dyspepsia, stomatitis, and hyperactivity cough and protect the liver and kidney. Recent studies showed that several species have been daily drunk to promote human health and prevent cardiovascular diseases in the folk. Here we reviewed the genus Ilex L. in phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology.     

细胞共培养技术在医药研究中的应用

细胞共培养由于能更好地模拟体内环境,便于更好的观察细胞与细胞、细胞与培养环境之间的相互作用以及探讨药物的作用机制和可能的作用靶点,填补了单层细胞培养与整体动物实验研究的鸿沟,近年来倍受医药领域的关注,成为药物研发、生物制药领域的研究热点.细胞共培养方法包括直接共培养和间接共培养,主要用于疾病病理基础、新型治疗手段以及药物活性筛选的研究.现有的细胞共培养技术主要用于单一药物的药效学研究,用于联合药物相互作用的研究甚少.中药复方之间协同配伍,减毒增效.细胞共培养技术符合中药多成分、多靶点的作用特点,这对于未来探讨中药联合用药对机体的作用及机制的研究具有一定参考价值,为中药及复方研究提供了一种新的手段.该文就细胞共培养技术的方法与运用进行了概述,并对该技术运用于中药及复方的研究进行了展望.     

突发性耳聋的病因及其治疗进展

突发性耳聋（sudden hearing loss）属耳科常见急症之一,是突然发生的原因不明的感音神经性耳聋.病人的听力突然明显减退（多为单侧耳）,一般在数分钟或数小时内下降至最低点,少数病人可在三天以内丧失听力;大部分病人伴有耳鸣,部分病人有耳内发闷、胀满及阻塞感;有一少部分病人有耳聋同时伴有眩晕,自觉有旋转感,常伴恶心、呕吐,多于发病一周左右减轻,除第Ⅷ颅神经外,无其它颅神经症状.近几年来,国内外学者对其发病的原因和治疗进行了深入系统的研究,现将有关突发性耳聋病因及治疗进展进行综述.     

"神丹"加味汤治疗慢性乙肝1119例的临床观察

“神丹”是唐代杰出的医学家孙思邈在他的巨著《千金翼方》中,所搜录的现刊《伤寒论》中未载入的仲景佚文遗方。由附子、乌头、人参、半夏、茯苓和朱砂六味组成。20多年来,治疗慢性乙肝疗效肯定,效果满意,远期疗效良好,兹报道如下:     

儿童骨骺损伤

总结我院１９８０～１９８９年所收治的儿童骨骺损伤４６８例。随访时间１～８年。介绍了儿童骨骺损伤的Ｘ线分型、诊断要点及治疗方法。认为骨骺损伤的预后主要取决于原发损伤的类型，其次为受伤年龄和受伤部位，受伤年龄愈小或受伤部位为主要发育骨骺，将来所引起的继发畸形则愈大。     

Incidence of brain injuries in premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks in ten urban hospitals in China

Background

There is a large number (1.5 million per year) of premature births in China. It is necessary to obtain the authentic incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the common brain injuries, in Chinese premature infants. The present multicenter study aimed to investigate the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in ten urban hospitals in China.

Methods

The research proposal was designed by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society of the Chinese Medical Association. Ten large-scale urban hospitals voluntarily joined the multicenter investigation. All premature infants with a gestational age ≤34 weeks in the ten hospitals were subjected to routine cranial ultrasound within three days after birth, and then to repeated ultrasound every 3–7 days till their discharge from the hospital from January 2005 to August 2006. A uniform data collection sheet was designed to record cases of brain injuries.

Results

The incidences of overall IVH and severe IVH were 19.7% (305/1551) and 4.6% (72/1551), respectively with 18.4% (56/305) for grade 1, 58.0% (177/305) for grade 2, 17.7% (54/305) for grade 3 and 5.9% (18/305) for grade 4 in nine hospitals. The incidences of overall PVL and cystic PVL were 5.0% (89/1792) and 0.8% (14/1792) respectively, with 84.3% (75/89) for grade 1, 13.5% (12/89) for grade 2, and 2.2% (2/89) for grade 3 in the ten hospitals. The statistically significant risk factors that might aggravate the severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR=1.883, 95% CI: 1.099–3.228, P=0.020) and mechanical ventilation (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 2.384–7.223, P=0.000). The risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL was vaginal delivery (OR=21.094, 95% CI: 2.650–167.895, P=0.000).

Conclusions

The investigative report can basically reflect the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in major big cities of China. Since more than 60% of the Chinese population live in the rural areas of China, it is expected to undertake a further multicenter investigation covering the rural areas in the future.     

大鼠视神经钳伤后外侧膝状体细胞损伤的研究

目的　探讨大鼠视神经钳伤后 ,外侧膝状体 (lateralgeniculatebody,LGB)细胞的损伤情况。方法　用 4 0g视神经损伤钳 ,压迫Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠双侧视神经 30s,制成视神经部分定量损伤的动物模型。对LGB连续梯度切片 ,7d后用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法 (teriminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase mediateddUTPnickend labeling ,TUNEL)对LGB细胞进行凋亡检测。 1个月后通过免疫组化染色技术 ,用兔抗鼠神经丝 (neurofilament,NF)单克隆抗体对LGB的神经元进行检测。同时经视觉中枢注入荧光染料颗粒蓝 ,对LGB细胞进行逆行荧光标记 ,在 70 0nm波长荧光显微镜下对连续切片的LGB标记细胞进行平均密度计数 ,并与对照组比较。结果　TUNEL法染色证实LGB细胞发生凋亡。对照组神经丝免疫组化染色呈清晰的条索状 ,而实验组明显减少。对照组LGB细胞密度均值为 (5 172± 2 4 8)个 /mm2 ,而损伤组LGB细胞密度均值为 (414 4± 6 1)个 /mm2 ,两组比较差异有非常显著意义 (t=8 995 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　在大鼠视神经钳伤后 ,LGB细胞受损 ,其损伤机制与凋亡有关     

CA125与子宫内膜抗体测定用于诊断子宫内膜异位症

测定了４２例妇女血清和腹腔液ＣＡ＿（１２５）及子宫内膜抗体（ＥＭＡｂ）水平，其中经腹腔镜诊断为子宫内膜异位症者２８例（观察组），无子宫内膜异位症者１４例（对照组）。结果表明：观察组血清ＥＭＡｂ的吸光度为０．４４±０．１３，明显高于对照组的０．３４±０．０７，但两组间血清ＣＡ＿（１２５）差异无显著性；两含用于诊断的敏感性分别为７１．４３％和８２．１４％，特异性为５７．２１％和５７．１４％。两组腹腔液中ＥＭＡｂ差异无显著性；两组腹腔液ＣＡ＿（１２５）和ＥＭＡｂ水平均明显高于血清。     

Expression of FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) in chorionic villi with early recurrent spontaneous abortion

Objective: To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) in the chorionic villi of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and normal women during early pregnancy.

Methods: Fresh chorionic villus tissues were collected from 60 subjects. A total of 30 patients with a history of RSA were enrolled into the RSA group and 30 normal pregnant women were enrolled into the control group. The FKBP52 mRNA expression levels in chorionic villi of the RSA patients and healthy controls were measured via semiquantitative RT-PCR. The protein distribution and expression levels of FKBP52 in chorionic villi were analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between FKBP52 expression and RSA was analyzed.

Results: We demonstrated that FKBP52 mRNA is expressed in chorionic villi samples of normal pregnancy and RSA. RSA patients exhibited significantly lower FKBP52 gene expression levels compared with those in normal pregnancies (p?<?0.05). FKBP52 immunoreactivity in chorionic villi was mainly observed in trophoblast cell cytoplasm. The FKBP52 protein expression levels in the chorionic villi of RSA patients was significantly lower than in normal women during pregnancy (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions: FKBP52 protein levels were decreased in the chorionic villi of RSA patients, which indicate that the decrease in FKBP52 may be associated with RSA. The low FKBP52 mRNA expression level, which is consistent with the IHC result, may affect embryonic development and even lead to abortion. FKBP52 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RSA and new therapies that increase the FKBP52 expression may help treat RSA.     

Clinical trial on the role of tuina in rehabilitation therapy following total hip replacement

目的：观察推拿在全髋关节置换术后康复治疗中的临床疗效。方法：将60例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组30例进行推拿结合康复治疗,对照组30例进行单纯康复治疗。两组均治疗2星期。分别观察两组患者术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期的改良人工髋关节Harris量表及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale,HAMA）。结果：Harris量表评分总分,两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天、术后7天及术后6星期两组间比较,差畀均无统计学意义（A,0．05）;术后2星期两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HAMA量表两组组内患者不同时间点多重比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后1天两纽间评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;术后7天、术后2星期、术后6星期两组间评分均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：单位时间内,推拿结合康复治疗对全髋关节置换术后患者的疼痛、关节活动范围及焦虑等方面的改善作用优于单纯康复治疗。