腹腔镜联合肾镜液电碎石仪在基层医院胆道结石手术的运用

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨与研究基层医院在胆道结石手术中运用腹腔镜联合肾镜液电碎石仪的可行性与实用性。方法〓选取我院于2013年1月至2014年1月在我院行手术治疗的胆囊结石合并肝内外胆管结石患者53例,均采用腹腔镜联合肾镜探查液电碎石仪治疗术式,通过观察患者手术时间、术中术后胆道出血、术后胆道结石残余、术后住院时间。结果〓53例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。术中35例采用液电碎石,每例碎石次数约3~10次,每次持续放电约2~3秒,其中2例较大者反复击打约15次。术中胆道出血者3例,没有出现难以控制的出血以及胆管穿透或胆管壁撕裂病例。术后平均住院时间7.1±2.6天,无腹腔感染病例。所有患者均得到术后半年随访,2例发现术后结石残余,经消化内镜取石。未发现胆总管狭窄病例。 结论〓腹腔镜联合肾镜液电碎石仪治疗胆道结石,在基层医院中有一定的可行性与实用性。     

Dissecting the Neural Circuitry for Pain Modulation and Chronic Pain: Insights from Optogenetics

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. The processing of pain involves complicated modulation at the levels of the periphery, spinal cord, and brain. The pathogenesis of chronic pain is still not fully understood, which makes the clinical treatment challenging. Optogenetics, which combines optical and genetic technologies, can precisely intervene in the activity of specific groups of neurons and elements of the related circuits. Taking advantage of optogenetics, researchers have achieved a body of new findings that shed light on the cellular and circuit mechanisms of pain transmission, pain modulation, and chronic pain both in the periphery and the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent findings in pain research using optogenetic approaches and discuss their significance in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pain.     

Effects of Kangdaxin on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction rats

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the effects of Kangdaxin oral liquid on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) rats.MethodsA total of 30 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups Sham operation group (Sham), HFpEF group (HFpEF), and HFpEF with drug intervention group (HFpEF + I). Rats in HFpEF + I group were given Kangdaxin oral liquid at a dose of 2.7 mL/(kg·d). After modeling or treatment, the value of E/A and E/e'' in each group of rats were measured by echocardiography. The N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Heart weight/body mass index (Hw/W) and left ventricular weight/body mass index (LVw/W) were calculated after the rats were sacrificed; the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein expression level in cardiac tissue was detected by western blot.ResultsCompared with sham group, the values of diastolic function item (E/A) and mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/e'') in HFpEF group were significantly decreased, and the level of NT-proBNP was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with HFpEF group, the value of E/A and E/e'' in HF + I group were significantly increased, and the level of NT-proBNP was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the expression of TGF-β1 protein in heart tissue of HFpEF group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with HFpEF group, the expression of TGF-β1 protein in HFpEF + I group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionsKangdaxin oral liquid has protective effect on heart in HFpEF rats, which can reduce the protein expression of TGF-β1 in the heart tissue of HFpEF rats. This may be a possible mechanism to inhibit myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac diastolic function.     

术前血糖水平对糖尿病患者行输尿管软镜碎石术后发生感染相关并发症的影响

观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者行输尿管软镜碎石术（FURL）后出现感染相关并发症的影响因素,探讨T2DM患者术前血糖水平与发生术后感染相关并发症的关系,为T2DM患者在接受FULR术后发生感染相关并发症的早期预防及治疗提供参考。     

血清生物标志物对纤维化性间质性肺疾病预后的预测价值

目的探讨与肺泡上皮细胞功能障碍相关的血清生物标志物对纤维化性间质性肺疾病(fibrosing interstitial lung diseases, FILD)预后的预测价值。方法前瞻性入组FILD患者,收集临床资料,检测生物标志物并随访1年进行病情评估。采用竞争风险模型的生存分析和Fine-Gray回归模型提取发展为进行性纤维化型和死亡风险的影响因素。结果共入组58例患者,35例诊断为特发性肺纤维化,14例诊断为结缔组织病相关间质性肺病,9例归为其他原因所致肺纤维化。12例(20.69%)患者发展为进行性纤维化型,8例(13.79%)死亡。单因素分析结果显示发展为进行性纤维化型的风险因素是糖蛋白抗原125(carbohydrate antigen-125,CA-125)基线增高,死亡的风险因素是糖蛋白抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)基线增高;多因素分析结果显示:CA19-9基线增高是死亡的风险因素(回归系数0.007,风险比1.007,95%CI:1.001～1.061,P=0.044)。结论 CA-125基线增高的患者发展为进行性纤维...     

术中椎旁肌封闭对控制腰椎手术后疼痛的疗效观察

【目的】探讨术中在椎旁肌肉中注射药物对控制腰椎手术后疼痛的治疗作用。【方法】153例腰椎后路手术患者,分为肌肉封闭组78例,注射利多卡因+罗哌卡因;对照组75例,不作封闭治疗。分别观察术后不同时间两组VAS疼痛评分、住院期间肢体感觉、肌力、腱反射、平卧翻身及下地行走时间等。【结果】术后1d、1周、2周VAS评分,椎旁肌封闭组为(5.75±0.76)、(4.22±0.80)、(3.37±0.79),对照组则为(7.82±0.69)、(6.32±0.79)、(5.53±0.79),各时间点相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。椎旁肌封闭组对止痛药物的依赖性低,患者术后平卧翻身时间(1.85±0.31)d和下地行走时间(3.09±0.39)d均较对照组(2.09±0.36)d和(3.47±0.43)d缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察期间封闭组没有发现明显的胃肠道反应、心血管系统异常反应、尿潴留等不良反应。【结论】术中椎旁肌封闭能有效控制腰椎手术后的早期疼痛反应疼痛,对术后功能恢复有利。     

四种污染源气体颗粒物对大鼠血清肌红蛋白和脑钠肽的影响

【摘要】 目的 观察四种不同污染源气体颗粒物对大鼠血清肌红蛋白和脑钠肽水平的影响。方法 将70只成年SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只、汽车尾气组15只、煤烟组15只、燃烧秸秆组15只和自然空气组15只;按1mg/ml的相同的浓度气管内分别滴注汽车尾气、煤烟、燃烧秸秆、自然空气颗粒物悬液每天1次,一次01ml,连滴10天后,采用化学发光法动态检测5组的血清肌红蛋白（Mb）和脑钠肽（BNP）水平;计算HM/BM;CCK 8法检测大鼠心肌细胞的存活率,并观察心肌细胞的病理变化。结果 各研究组大鼠血清Mb的水平均有所升高,均在一定时间内达到峰值。血清中BNP水平也存在此类波动变化,BNP达到峰值的时间及恢复正常水平的时间比Mb水平晚,但升高的幅度大。汽车尾气组、煤烟组和自然空气组大鼠HM/BM明显升高,出现了不同程度的心肌细胞浸润、水肿、变性、坏死、纤维化;心肌细胞存活率明显下降;秸秆组大鼠HM/BM变化不明显,心肌病理出现了轻度的心肌细胞水肿、变性,HM/BM无明显升高,心肌细胞存活率下降不明显。结论 高浓度的汽车尾气、煤烟、燃烧秸秆、自然空气颗粒均可以引起大鼠的心肌损害。检测大鼠血清中肌红蛋白(Mb)和脑钠肽 (BNP)的水平对判断污染物对大鼠心肌损害程度具有重要意义。     

大豆异黄酮对胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素敏感性及瘦素基因表达的影响

目的:观察大豆异黄酮(SIF)对高脂膳食诱导的胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠血清瘦素水平及白色脂肪组织瘦素mRNA表达的影响,并探讨SIF提高胰岛素敏感性的可能机制.方法:选用高脂饲料诱导的IR雄性SD大鼠,根据其胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)随机分为模型对照组(水)和3个SIF组(50 mg/kg,150 mg/kg及450 mg/kg).各组经口灌胃给予相应受试物1个月,空腹过夜后取材,用酶法检测各组动物空腹血糖、用放射免疫法检测空腹血胰岛素、用酶联免疫法检测血清瘦素含量,以实时定量RT-PCR法检测肾周脂肪组织瘦素基因的mRNA水平.结果:与模型对照组比较,SIF 150 mg/kg和450 mg/kg组能显著降低空腹血胰岛素水平及IRI,SIF450 mg/kg组能明显降低大鼠体重及肾周脂肪组织瘦素基因mRNA的表达、提高血清瘦素的含量.结论:SIF可能具有改善瘦素抵抗的作用,并进而提高胰岛素的敏感性.     

Patient contracts for chronic medical conditions: Scoping review

ObjectiveTo describe how and why patient contracts are used for the management of chronic medical conditions.Data sourcesA scoping review was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Nursing & Allied Health. Literature from 1997 to 2017 was included.Study selectionArticles were included if they were written in English and described the implementation of a patient contract by a health care provider for the management of a chronic condition. Articles had to present an outcome as a result of using the contract or an intervention that included the contract.SynthesisOf the 7528 articles found in the original search, 76 met the inclusion criteria for the final review. Multiple study types were included. Extensive variety in contract elements, target populations, clinical settings, and cointerventions was found. Purposes for initiating contracts included behaviour change and skill development, including goal development and problem solving; altering beliefs and knowledge, including motivation and perceived self-efficacy; improving interpersonal relationships and role clarification; improving quality and process of chronic care; and altering objective and subjective health indices. How contracts were developed, implemented, and assessed was inconsistently described.ConclusionMore research is required to determine whether the use of contracts is accomplishing their intended purposes. Questions remain regarding their rationale, development, and implementation.     

股骨远端髓外与髓内定位截骨对全膝关节置换术后失血影响的回顾性研究

背景:全膝关节置换术是治疗终末期膝关节疾病的有效方法,然而很多患者因为术后失血而发生急性失血性贫血,失血过多者还需输血治疗.这不仅影响膝关节功能康复,还可能引起各种并发症及相关问题.目的:探讨股骨远端髓外定位截骨是否能够减少初次单侧全膝关节置换术后失血.方法:选取2015年1月至2017年12月248例行初次单侧全膝关...