Male genital oedema can be defined as swelling or the appearance of swelling of the scrotum and/or the penile shaft and prepuce. Despite the various causes of genital oedema reported in the published work, a concise approach to the evaluation and management has not been sufficiently addressed. 相似文献
Background: During the brain growth spurt, the brain develops and modifies rapidly. In rodents this period is neonatal, spanning the first weeks of life, whereas in humans it begins during the third trimester and continues 2 yr. This study examined whether different anesthetic agents, alone and in combination, administered to neonate mice, can trigger apoptosis and whether behavioral deficits occur later in adulthood.
Methods: Ten-day-old mice were injected subcutaneously with ketamine (25 mg/kg), thiopental (5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg), propofol (10 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg), a combination of ketamine (25 mg/kg) and thiopental (5 mg/kg), a combination of ketamine (25 mg/kg) and propofol (10 mg/kg), or control (saline). Fluoro-Jade staining revealed neurodegeneration 24 h after treatment. The behavioral tests-spontaneous behavior, radial arm maze, and elevated plus maze (before and after anxiolytic)-were conducted on mice aged 55-70 days.
Results: Coadministration of ketamine plus propofol or ketamine plus thiopental or a high dose of propofol alone significantly triggered apoptosis. Mice exposed to a combination of anesthetic agents or ketamine alone displayed disrupted spontaneous activity and learning. The anxiolytic action of diazepam was less effective when given to adult mice that were neonatally exposed to propofol. 相似文献
Lung function, smoking, age and mortality data in 158 adult severe alpha1-antitrypsin deficient, PiZZ individuals, followed from 1963 to 1982 were analyzed. Low initial FEV1 value was significantly associated with increased mortality (p < 0.005). A 3 yr mortality rate of 40% was found in individuals whose initial FEV1 values were less than 30% of that predicted. In contrast, the corresponding 3-yr mortality among those whose initial FEV1 values were between 30 and 65% of that predicted was only 7%. Smokers were found to have significantly lower FEV1 levels (p = 0.008) and higher mortality (p < 0.005) than non-smokers. The difference between current and ex-smokers in mortality and FEV1 level were not statistically significant (p = 0.9 and p>0.25, respectively). Cross-sectional analysis of the initial FEV1 values indicated a significant decline (p < 0.005) of FEV1 with increasing age. This decline was greater among smokers than non-smokers. Longitudinal analysis of FEV1 rates of decline in 80 cases with follow-up FEV1 measurements failed to detect any significant differences between smokers and non-smokers, but was performed late in the disease process. The application of these results to the planning of studies on replacement therapy, smoking intervention strategy and longitudinal follow-up is discussed. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with increased mucosal release of eicosanoids. Among these, thromboxane A2 has been proposed as a possible inflammatory mediator; its suppression may be a useful therapeutic option. METHODS: Using a tissue incubation technique, we compared release of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 by colonic biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and controls, and assessed the inhibitory effect of picotamide, a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor-receptor antagonist, which has been widely used in Italy for management of ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS: Increased amounts of thromboxane B2 were released from biopsies from patients with active ulcerative colitis (median 238 pg/20 min/mg wet weight (interquartile range 147- 325), n = 12) and active Crohn's disease (252 (174-450), 6) compared with those from patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis (95 (61- 140), 12) or Crohn's disease (105 (57-201), 13), or controls (136 (64- 206), 8). Incubation with picotamide at concentrations between 100 microM and 1 mM reduced thromboxane B2 release (IC50 890 microM). CONCLUSION: Since increased thromboxane A2 production may have pathogenetic importance, thromboxane synthesis inhibitor-receptor antagonists such as picotamide merit therapeutic trial in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. 相似文献
The prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) among Swedish men 30-69 years old was estimated by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, 4064 questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of a defined population in the municipality of Uppsala. The response rate was almost 80%; 15.6% of the responders were habitual snorers and 5.8% complained of daytime sleepiness. From these, a group of 166 men highly suspected of having SAS was selected. Eventually, 61 of these came for all-night polysomnographic studies, and 15 of these were found to have SAS. On this basis the lower limit of the prevalence of SAS was estimated to be as high as 1.3%. The majority of subjects with the syndrome were in the age group 50-59 years. 相似文献
Abstract: Two affected individuals of the Swedish family with CDA, type III, in which the disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant character, were studied. Both cases displayed features hitherto undescribed in this family but described in patients with CDA, type III, in whom the inheritance may have been as an autosomal recessive character. Such features were: (a) haemosiderinuria, (b) grossly disorganised erythroblast nuclei, (c) differences in the ultrastructural appearances of individual nuclei within the same multinucleate erythroblast and (d) intraerythroblastic inclusions resembling precipitated globin chains. In both cases the giant mononucleate erythroblasts and the multinucleate erythroblasts had total DNA contents up to 28c (1c = haploid DNA content) and 48c respectively, and some DNA synthesising bi- and multinucleate erythroblasts contained one or more nuclei which were unlabelled with 3H-thymidine. These findings are similar to those in patients with the autosomal recessive type of disease. Thus no major phenotypic differences are yet apparent between cases of CDA, type III, with different patterns of inheritance. Analysis of the surface erythrocyte proteins of the 2 Swedish CDA, type III, patients with monoclonal antibodies recognising Band 3, glycophorins A, B, C and D, Rh, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD58, CD59, Lutheran, Kell, LW and acetylcholinesterase did not reveal any gross abnormality of expression of these proteins. A slightly altered expression of blood group antigens A and H was revealed by the lectins Dolichos biflorus and Ulex europaeus and the Mr of Band 3 as judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also slightly reduced, suggesting that there may be minor alterations in the degree of N-glycosylation of some red cell membrane constituents. 相似文献
Two hundred and ten patients with clinical evidence of heartfailure, developing after an acute myocardial infarction, wererandomized to treatment with the ß1 antagonist metoprolol50100mg b.i.d. (n=106) or the ß1 partial agonistxamoterol 100200 mg bid. (n=104). Left ventricular systolicand diastolic function were assessed with echocardiography andtransmitral Doppler cardiography before and after 3 and 12 monthsof double-blind treatment. E-point septal separation and percent left ventricular fractional shortening were used as indicesof systolic function. The ratio between peak early and latemitral diastolic flow (E/A ratio) and isovolumic relaxationtime were used as indices of diastolic function. In the xamoterol group, there was a deterioration in E-pointseptal separation (P<0·05). A difference between thetreatment groups was present both at 3 months (E-point septalseparation 11·4 vs 13·0 mm, P<0·0l,fractional short ening 271 vs 252%, P<005) and 12 months(E-point septal separation Ill vs 13·2 mm, P<0·05fractional shortening 26·9 vs 25·0%, P<0·05).E/A ratio increased in the metoprolol group (P<0·05)but not in the xamoterol group. At 3 months there was a significantdifference (0·85 vs 0·67, P<0·005 betweenthe groups but not at 12 months. In comparison with the ß1-receptor antagonist metoprolol,the ß1 partial agonist xamoterol impaired left ventricularsystolic function in patients with clinical evidence of heartfailure after an acute myocardial infarction. 相似文献
Endotoxins are biologically active substances derived from the cell wall of degraded gram-negative bacteria. Since sterile water may also contain large amounts of endotoxins, these are easily introduced into the manufacturing processes of technical medical material, such as the extracorporeal components used in cardiopulmonary bypass. In hemodialysis, the presence of endotoxins has been related to untoward effects in patients. Using the limulus amebocyte lysate test, we determined the serum concentration of endotoxin in 42 patients undergoing coronary bypass operations. The values increased during cardiopulmonary bypass, exceeding the normal range of 0 to 20 ng/L in 10 patients with a maximum of 82 ng/L, which probably indicates endotoxin release from the extracorporeal equipment. We found no obvious relation to postoperative morbidity. The endotoxin levels of this study are considerably lower than those reported in two other studies of patients having cardiopulmonary bypass. This might be due to less intraoperative contamination but possibly also to differences in analytic methods. 相似文献
The daily fluid intake of male Wistar rats with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water was determined during a baseline period (1 week), following adrenalectomy (1 week) and for 3 weeks following SC implantation of hormone pellets containing corticosterone (CORT) or dexamethasone (DEX). Ethanol consumption dropped during the first week of adrenalectomy (ADX) but increased again in the absence of hormone replacement to reach preoperative levels during the ensuing weeks. The CORT treatment, which produced plasma hormone levels similar to the 24-h mean concentration of adrenally intact rats, not only reversed the effect of ADX on alcohol consumption but also enhanced it to levels above those observed in intact rats. Water intake was not affected by the CORT treatment. DEX implants stimulated water intake, but did not enhance the drinking of ethanol. SC injections of RU 28318 (type I corticosterone receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg) or mifepristone (RU 38486; type II receptor antagonist; 25 mg/kg) at the beginning and halfway through three daily, 6-h tests failed to affect ethanol drinking in adrenally intact rats or in ADX rats bearing CORT implants. Similarly, there was no effect of giving the two antagonists in combination. These results suggest that exogenous CORT can induce excessive alcohol intake in genetically unselected rats and that this facilitatory effect may be mediated by non-genomic cellular mechanisms. 相似文献