Petit suisse from black soybean: bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties during development process

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties, bioactive compounds and other physico-chemical parameters from black soybean and its derivatives over 30?days under refrigeration at 4?°C and develop a probiotic petit suisse produced from black soybean. The soymilk showed the highest levels of isoflavones (109?mg/100?g), total phenolics (600?mg/100?g) and total anthocyanins (388?mg/100?g) with the highest response in the tests with DPPH? and ABTS+? on a dry basis. There was a significant increase (p?≤?0.05) in antioxidant activity during storage due to the hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides to aglycones in soymilk sample, having a strong linear correlation between the concentration of isoflavone aglycones and the antioxidant activity for ABTS+? (R?=?0.9437, 0.9624 and 0.9992) and DPPH? (R?=?0.9865, 0.9978 and 0.9911), respectively, for soymilk, quark and petit suisse. The conversion of isoflavone was influenced directly by the characteristics of each sample, inhibiting or promoting the action of the enzyme. The petit suisse developed is an alternative for consumers, providing isoflavones and anthocyanins, possessing probiotic average counts (10⁸?CFU?g^?1) during storage.     

The results of a 24-h pad test in Brazilian women

Introduction and hypothesis

The International Continence Society (ICS) adopted 1.3 g as the normative value for the 24-h pad test. We hypothesized that this cutoff value may not be valid for women who live in countries with high temperatures.

Methods

We documented the 24-h pad test values of continent women in Brazil and investigated the factors that can influence in vaginal humidity.

Results

The sample consisted of 257 participants. The temperatures ranged from 19°C to 27.8°C. The median increase in the weight of the pad was 1.9 g (1.4–3.0 g, 95th percentile 4.4 g). Pad test results differed significantly between pre- and postmenopausal women (p?=?0.026). There was a significant difference in the pad weights of women who use hormone therapy (p?=?0.003).

Conclusions

The value of the 24-h pad test established by the ICS was not valid for the investigated sample. Environmental conditions, menopausal status, and use of hormone therapy can interfere with the values of the pad test.     

New poly-imidazolium–triazole particles by CuAAC cross-linking of calix[4]arene bis-azide/alkyne amphiphiles – a prospective support for Pd in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction

A new imidazolium amphiphilic calix[4]arene with terminal acetylene fragments in the polar region was synthesized according to a two step scheme including regioselective chloromethylation of distal di-O-butyl calix[4]arene and subsequent interaction with 1-(hex-5-yn-1-yl)-1H-imidazole. The aggregation properties (CAC, the size and zeta potential of aggregates) of alkynyl calix[4]arene as well as of previously synthesized azidopropyl calix[4]arene and their 1 : 1 mixture were disclosed. Macrocycles with azide and alkyne fragments in the polar region were covalently cross-linked under CuAAC conditions in water. Successful cross-linking of molecules has been proven by IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF spectrometry. The obtained polymeric particles were studied both in solution and the solid state and the presence of submicron (∼200 nm) and micron (∼1–5 μm) particles with the prevalence of the latter was found. The average molecular weight of the polymer according to the static light scattering data was found to be 639 ± 44 kDa. The obtained polymeric imidazolium–triazole particles were tested as a support for Pd(OAc)₂ in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction carried out in both organic and water media. In both solvents (especially in water) the addition of imidazolium–triazole particles to Pd(OAc)₂ increased the conversion of 4-iodanisole. It was found that the ratio between the products (1,1 and 1,2-substituted ethylenes) changes drastically on going from DMF to water from 1 : 5 to 1 : 40 when using supported Pd(OAc)₂.

A new supramolecular approach to the formation of polytriazole–imidazolium particles, promising supports for catalysis, based on self-assembly of amphiphilic bis-azides and bis alkynes and their linkage using CuAAC is presented.     

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix in a 47-year-old woman

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the female genital tract usually occurs in the vagina during childhood. The uterine cervix as a primary site is rare, but is more frequent until the second decade of life. It usually has a good prognosis and the treatment is based on multidrug chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. RMS accounts for <5% of all adult soft tissue sarcomas. Previous reports that included all primary sites showed a poorer five-year disease specific survival for adults with RMS when compared to the pediatric population. This difference has been attributed to a higher proportion of adverse prognostic clinical and pathological factors, and to inadequate treatment given to adults with RMS. A total of 115 patients with cervical embryonal RMS have previously been described; however, only 10 cases were reported in women older than 40 years. We present a 47-year-old woman treated with radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and review the current literature.     

ErbB-directed immunotherapy: antibodies in current practice and promising new agents

The ErbB family is well known for its significance in oncogenesis. As bad prognostic markers, overexpressed or mutated ErbB1 and ErbB2 have an important role in the molecular diagnosis of various cancers, but as membrane proteins, expressed often selectively in tumor tissues, they can be targeted with kinase inhibitors or therapeutic antibodies. In addition to trastuzumab, the first humanized antibody that was approved for the therapy of solid tumors by the FDA, now many humanized antibodies are in late clinical trials, or already approved. Conjugation of antibodies with radioactive isotopes, cytotoxic agents or liposomes loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs led to improved therapeutic efficiency over their parent "unarmed" antibodies. Novel, engineered antibody derivates with better pharmacodynamic properties are also available and allow the targeting of ErbB1 or ErbB2 positive cancers in a wider patient population. In this review, we discuss the biological and clinical background of ErbB targeting, and describe the most successful antibodies against ErbB1 (cetuximab, panitumumab, matuzumab, nimotuzumab, ICR62, mAb 528, ch806 and MDX-447) and ErbB2 (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, MDX-H210, 2B1, C6.5xscFv(NM3E2), ertumaxomab and FRP-5 derivates) that are in clinical trials or already approved, along with the various relevant conjugation and engineering strategies. Recent data pertinent to the prevalent problem of clinical resistance to treatment with trastuzumab are also discussed.     

Pediatric chronic patients at outpatient clinics: a study in a Latin American University Hospital

Objective

To describe the characteristics of children and adolescentes with chronic diseases of outpatient clinics at a tertiary university hospital.

Anleitung („instruction manual“) zur Anwendung der operationalen Klassifikation von Anfallsformen der ILAE 2017

This companion paper to the introduction of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizure types provides guidance on how to employ the classification. The classification is illustrated by tables, a glossary of relevant terms, a table mapping old to new terms, recommended abbreviations and examples. Basic and extended versions of the classification are available depending on the desired degree of detail. Key signs and symptoms of seizures (semiology) are used as a basis for categorization of seizures that are focal or generalized from onset or with unknown onset. Any focal seizure can be further optionally characterized with respect to whether awareness is retained or impaired. Impaired awareness during any segment of the seizure renders it classified as a focal impaired awareness seizure. Focal seizures can be further optionally characterized by the first motor signs and symptoms as atonic, automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, hyperkinetic, myoclonic or tonic activity. Nonmotor onset seizures can be manifested as autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, or sensory dysfunction. The earliest prominent manifestation defines the seizure type, which can then further progress to other signs and symptoms. Focal seizures can become bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Generalized seizures include an early involvement of bilateral networks from the onset. Generalized motor seizure characteristics comprise atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, myoclonic–atonic, myoclonic–tonic–clonic, tonic or tonic–clonic manifestatíons. Nonmotor (absence) seizures are typical or atypical or seizures that present prominent myoclonic activity or eyelid myoclonia. Seizures of unknown origin may have features that can still be classified as motor, nonmotor, tonic–clonic, epileptic spasms or behavior arrest. This users’ manual for the ILAE 2017 seizure classification can assist the acceptance of the new system.