肥胖对老年糖尿病人胰岛素及C肽水平的影响

目的 :研究老年 型糖尿病 (DM)患者胰岛素 (INS)水平、 C肽 (CP)水平及肥胖对它们的影响。方法 : 型 DM组 :肥胖 [n =15 ,年龄 (6 8.40± 4.46 )岁 ,BMI(2 8.40± 3.2 0 ) kg/ m2 ],非肥胖 [n =19,年龄 (6 9.84± 5 .5 7)岁 ,BMI(2 0 .89± 1.88) kg/ m2 ]。对照组 :肥胖 [n =10 ,年龄 (6 8.5 0± 6 .6 0 )岁 ,BMI (2 7.93± 2 .34 ) kg/ m2 ];非肥胖 [n =13,年龄 (6 7.93± 6 .34 )岁 ,BMI(2 1.34± 2 .0 1) kg/ m2 ]。所有受试者均行 75 g葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)及同步 INS释放试验及 CP释放 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)。结果 :OGTT后 INS应答及 CP应答在肥胖者是相同的 ,但在非肥胖 型 DM病人空腹及糖负荷后 1,2 h INS及 CP均减少 (P<0 .0 5 )。DM组及对照组内肥胖者各时点 INS及 CP均高于非肥胖者 (P<0 .0 1) ,但肥胖者胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)低于非肥胖者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :非肥胖老年 型 DM病人主要是 INS释放受损 ,而胰岛素抵抗 (IR)轻微。肥胖老年 型 DM患者虽然 INS水平不低 ,但 IR显著。     

统计过程控制在医用电子直线加速器机械性能监测中的应用

目的：使用统计过程控制方法分析医用电子直线加速器长期过程表现,监测加速器状态变化趋势,并评估加速器各项指标性能状态。方法：收集2019年6月至2021年4月加速器机器性能检测(MPC)数据。绘制每个机械指标的单值控制图,分析各指标过程特征,并使用过程能力指数C_pk及C_p评估加速器各项机械指标的过程质量。结果：加速器机械精度明显优于当前厂商推荐的规格限值,但控制图监测结果显示各指标均存在一定程度的过程漂移。过程能力分析结果显示所有指标的C_pk及C_p均大于1.33,过程质量优秀。结论：加速器在满足当前MPC规格限的情况下依然可能发生过程失控。统计过程控制方法可及时发现过程中的异常改变,过程能力指数可有效评估过程质量,为质量管理及临床决策提供有效的信息。     

P53 alterations show significant correlation with gene amplification and s-phase index in breast-cancer

Correlation of p53 gene/protein alterations with incidence of oncogene amplification, a potential marker of prognosis, was evaluated in 26 fresh breast cancer samples. p53 gene was analyzed by SSCP and DNA sequencing while p53 protein status was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IH). Amplification of c-erbB2/neu, c-myc, N-ras, int-2, hst, PRAD-1 and EGFR genes was studied by slot blot and in situ hybridizations. p53 alterations were found in 31% cases by SSCP and 42% by IH; gene amplification was detected in 27% cases. p53 gene alterations correlated significantly with gene amplification (p=0.006) and also with higher S-phase index (p=0.026), aneuploidy (p=0.026) and negative progesterone receptor status (p=0.043).     

Preliminary evaluation of pelvic vascular bed isolation chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced cervical carcinoma

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工业区大气污染对儿童肺功能影响研究

本文研究工业区大气污染对儿童肺功能影响,分别对大气污染区与对照区儿童进行肺功能测定、问卷调查及大气中ＳＯ２ＮＯｘ监测。     

Cowden's disease

A 24-year old male patient developed multiple lesions of keratoacanthoma in the epidermal verrucous naevus. He also had multiple papillomatous lesions on the lips, buccal mucosa, gingiva and tongue, with positive family history of similar lesions. He also had multiple skin tags and patchy palmoplantar keratoderma and minimal kyphoscoliosis.     

Free tissue transfer for skull base reconstruction analysis of complications and a classification scheme for defining skull base defects

OBJECTIVE: The role of free flaps in skull base reconstruction is discussed in detail. Twenty-six microvascular free tissue transfers performed in 22 patients are reviewed in detail. A classification scheme for skull base defects is presented. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients with neoplasms that involve the skull base underwent a combined craniotomy and facial approach for resection. The resultant defects were reconstructed with a variety of microvascular free flaps. RESULTS: All 22 patients were ultimately successfully reconstructed with a free flap. One patient required a second free flap following ablative surgery for a recurrent tumor. The initial free flaps in three patients were unsuccessful and a second flap was required. The classification scheme was applied to all defects. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of a functional separation of the intracranial and extracranial cavities can be extremely difficult to accomplish, especially when multiple cavities (nasal, oral, pharyngeal) are violated. Free flaps provide a solution to this problem in select cases. Skull base defects can and should be classified for the purpose of communication, treatment planning, prognosis of reconstruction, and judging therapeutic outcome.     

Complications of preoperative balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid arteries: experience in 300 cases

Treatment of some tumors and aneurysms of the skull base may require internal carotid artery (ICA) sacrifice. Preoperatively to determine the dependence of the cerebral blood flow on a particular vessel, we perform a balloon test occlusion (BTO) by temporarily occluding the vessel in an awake patient. During occlusion, clinical evaluations and cerebral blood flow measurements are assessed. We have performed 300 BTOs. Eleven patients (3.7%) have had complications. Six (2%) were asymptomatic dissections. Five (1.7%) had neurologic deficits that persisted beyond the test period. Of these five, one was back to baseline in less than 24 hours, one recovered completely in a week, and one (0.33%) had a minimal but persistent dysphasia. These latter three cases are unexplained but might have resulted from unrecognized dissections or embolic events. Finally, one patient with a persistent deficit required energency surgery for reasons unrelated to the BTO and was therefore difficult to assess, and one required emergency middle cerebral artery embolectomy and repair of the dissection. The preoperative knowledge of carotid dependence in cases in which the ICA is at risk is essential, since vascular grafts or alternative surgical approaches are necessary in patients unable to tolerate carotid sacrifice. Since approximately 15 to 20% of the population falls into this category, a preoperative BTO appears justified.