Cytochemistry of leukergic leukocytes

The authors investigated leukergic leukocytes originating from the blood of rabbits.
They applied cytochemical methods and have found a distinct correlation existing between glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and leukergy.
Leukocytes appearing in the course of leukergic leukopoiesis are rich in glycogen and alkaline phosphatase.
Glycogen constitutes an energetic material, and alkaline phosphatase is a factor determining the degree of intensity of metabolic processes of the said leukocytes.
The authors consider that the results obtained by them are to be attributed to an increased immunological activity of the leukergic leukocytes.

Résumé

Les auteurs ont étudié, en utilisant la méthode cytochimique, les leucocytes leukergiques des lapins. Ils ont constaté une interdépendance prononcée entre le contenu de glycogêne et de phosphatase alcaline d'une part, et la leukergie d'autre part. Les leucocytes leukergiques sont abondamment pourvus de glycogène comme matière énergétique, et de phosphatase alcalⁱne. Ce phénomène est en étroite liaison avec la capacité de défense antibactérienne accrue des leucocytes leukergiques.

Zusammenfassung

Die Autoren untersuchten mit zytochemischen Methoden leukergische Leukozyten von Kaninchen. Dabei fanden sie eine Beziehung zwischen der Leukergie und dem Gehalt der Zellen an Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Bei gesteigerter Leukopoese enthalten die Leukozyten reichlich Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Das Glykogen dient als Energiequelle, während die Alkaliphosphatase die Stoffwechselintensität reguliert. Die zytochemischen Befunde stehen offenbar in enger Beziehung zur erhöhten immunologischen Aktivität leukergischer Leukozyten.     

A Novel Cryoballoon Technique for Mapping and Isolating Pulmonary Veins: A Feasibility and Efficacy Study

A Novel Cryoballoon Technique . Introduction: The study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a simplified cryoballoon technique in which a microcircular catheter was introduced into the central lumen of a cryoballoon catheter for the purpose of recording pulmonary vein (PV) potentials during ablation procedures and without interchanging catheters. Methods and Results: A total of 23 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) were enrolled. A single transseptal puncture was made and a cryoballoon catheter was inserted into the left atrium. A 6‐pole mapping catheter with a 0.035‐inch shaft diameter was introduced into the PV through the central lumen of the cryoballoon catheter. In addition to the function as a recording device, the mapping catheter was also used as a “guide‐wire” during the procedure. A total of 84 PVs (84/92, 91.3%) were completely isolated using this novel cryoballoon technique. In 43 of the 84 veins (51.2%), isolation was observed in real time during the cryoablation; in the remaining 41 veins (48.8%), isolation was confirmed immediately post ablation attempt with the mapping catheter. Procedure time was 152.7 ± 54.9 minutes, and fluoroscopy time was 33.2 ± 17.3 minutes. At follow‐up (7.4 months, range 2–18 months), 17 (73.9%) patients were free from AF. There was 1 occurrence of phrenic nerve palsy during ablation of a right superior PV, which fully resolved after 1 month. Conclusion: The use of a cryoballoon catheter equipped with a 6‐pole micromapping catheter inserted through its central lumen for the purpose of mapping and ablation during PV isolation procedures is both feasible and effective. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 626‐631, June 2010)