神经内镜经鼻蝶入路切除颅底脊索瘤的临床疗效及其影响因素分析

目的探讨神经内镜经鼻蝶入路切除颅底脊索瘤的手术策略、临床疗效及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2021年3月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科采用神经内镜经鼻蝶入路切除的颅底脊索瘤患者的临床资料,共纳入373例患者(共行500例次手术)。其中2004—2019年为早期手术组,采用以肿瘤为中心的手术策略;2020—2021年为近期手术组,依据肿瘤的起源部位及其沿着颅底骨缝、神经和大血管孔道延伸生长的特点进行顺序探查和切除(探查顺序形似"龟背")。比较两种手术策略切除肿瘤程度的差异。随访患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS),采用Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,采用log-rank检验分析不同临床特征患者间PFS和OS的差异。结果500例次手术中,413例次为早期手术组,肿瘤的全切除率、次全切除率、部分切除率分别为35.1%(145例次)、36.6%(151例次)、28.3%(117例次);87例次为近期手术组,肿瘤的全切除率、次全切除率、部分切除率分别为52.9%(46例次)、37.9%(33例次)、9.2%(8例次),两组肿瘤的切除率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。500例次手术,脑脊液漏的发生率为4.6%(23例次)。373例患者中,术后1例(0.3%)死亡,1例(0.3%)发生大面积脑梗死;共325例(87.1%)患者获得完整的随访资料,中位随访时间为31个月(3~193个月)。182例(56.0%)复发,估计总体患者的中位PFS为24个月(95%CI:17.5~30.5);85例(26.2%)死亡,估计总体患者的中位OS为106个月。生存分析显示,与原发性肿瘤、肿瘤体积小、肿瘤全切除、病理学类型为经典型或软骨型肿瘤及术后放疗的患者比较,复发性肿瘤、肿瘤体积大、肿瘤非全切除、病理学类型为去分化或差分化或肉瘤样型肿瘤及术后未行放疗患者的PFS和OS均短,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论依据颅底脊索瘤生长侵袭特点,采用"龟背"形顺序探查、切除肿瘤的手术策略有利于提高肿瘤的切除程度。肿瘤是否原发、体积大小、切除程度、病理学类型、术后是否放疗可能与颅底脊索瘤患者术后的PFS和OS有关。     

FreeSurfer-based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: A review of methods and applications,with a novel quality control procedure for ENIGMA studies and other collaborative efforts

Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and variation in hippocampal measures is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm's principles, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modeled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013–12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, psychosis, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, inflammatory disease, childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder, and candidate and whole genome (epi-)genetics. Finally, we highlight points where FreeSurfer-based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.     

动脉粥样硬化患者血清CML、血浆sCD40L水平与血管性眩晕相关性

目的 观察动脉粥样硬化(AS)患者血清Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)、血浆可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)水平变化与血管性眩晕发生的相关性.方法 分析2015年1月-2019年12月南通大学第二附属医院接受治疗的54例AS合并血管性眩晕患者进行研究,按照1:1原则纳入同期本院接受治疗的54例AS未合并血管性眩晕患者进行研究,分别于治疗前、治疗3个月检测并比较两组血清CML水平、血浆sCD40L水平,分析血清CML、血浆sCD40L水平与血管性眩晕关系.结果 AS合并血管性眩晕组治疗前、治疗3个月血清CML水平、血浆sCD40L水平及水平变化均高于AS未合并血管性眩晕组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元Logistic回归分析显示:AS患者治疗前血清CML水平(OR=1.034,95％CI:1.009-1.060)、治疗3个月血清CML水平(OR=1.051,95％ CI:1.021-1.081)、治疗3个月内血清CML水平变化(OR=1.333,95％ CI:1.049-1.693)及治疗前血浆sCD40L水平(OR=1.025,95％ CI:1.012-1.039)、治疗3个月血浆sCD40L水平(OR=1.040,95％ CI:1.021-1.059)、治疗3个月内血浆sCD40L水平变化(OR=1.177,95％ CI:1.079-1.284)均是血管性眩晕发生的影响因素(P＜0.05).绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)发现,AS患者治疗3个月内血清CML及血浆sCD40L水平变化单项及联合预测血管性眩晕发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.815、0.807、0.876,均有一定预测价值(均＞0.80),cut-off值分别取16.370 ng·mL-1、22.790 pg·mL-1时可以获得最佳预测效能.结论 AS患者血清CML、血浆sCD40L水平变化与血管性眩晕发生存在密切联系,可将血清CML、血浆sCD40L水平变化作为血管性眩晕发生的预测指标.     

Mental Health Literacy of University Students in Vietnam and Cambodia

Mental health literacy (MHL) refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition, management, and prevention of mental disorders. While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries, research from Southeast Asia still is limited. Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders, a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations. This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia. Correlations with influencing factors (gender, age, study year, educational attainment of the parents, urban/rural origin, ethnicity, personal experiences with mental disorders) were also explored. An online survey, using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia. Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included. The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower, compared to samples from Australia or the UK. Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders (self or family) showed a significantly higher MHL. No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds (professional attainment of parents, urban/rural origin). Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive. MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia. Mental health promotion should specifically target male students, students from STEM branches, and international students.     

Incremental value of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score to collateral score for predicting target mismatch in stroke patients with extended time window or unknown onset time

Neurological Sciences - To evaluate whether Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) could provide incremental value to collateral score, and their integration could be an effective...     

多层螺旋CT结合血清C反应蛋白对腹股沟嵌顿疝患者的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT结合血清C反应蛋白（CRP）对腹股沟嵌顿疝患者的诊断价值。 方法选取2018年2月至2021年2月庐江县人民医院收治的经手术证实的腹股沟嵌顿疝患者65例作为研究对象。通过多层螺旋CT并根据临床及影像学资料总结腹股沟嵌顿疝相关影像学特征,以确定腹股沟疝的类型、位置及形态表现。在多层螺旋CT扫描腹股沟患者影像结果的基础上,选取60例普通腹股沟疝患者与65例腹股沟嵌顿患者,对2组患者血清CRP指标水平进行比较,分析血清CRP指标水平对腹股沟嵌顿疝患者的诊断价值。 结果腹股沟嵌顿疝患者CT表现为明确的疝囊影,内可见环状肠壁,部分密度不均匀,周围伴混杂密度影,部分以肠壁环形增厚或异常高密度影为主,并可见局限性肠系膜积液或水肿,普通腹股沟疝患者未观察到上述情况。嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者血清CRP浓度明显高于普通腹股沟疝患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;冠状位观察腹股沟解剖结构显示率明显高于矢状位,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;联合确诊比例明显大于两者单独检测比例,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论多层螺旋CT结合血清CRP对腹股沟嵌顿疝患者具有一定的诊断价值。     

机器人手术系统在结直肠手术的应用

腹腔镜手术改善了结直肠手术患者的短期预后且有着不劣于开腹手术的长期预后,但对骨盆狭窄的低位直肠癌男性患者或肥胖的右半结肠癌患者,因其空间窄、暴露困难及腔镜器械灵活不足,腹腔镜手术的开展存在一定难度。机器人手术系统有视野更清晰、操作更灵活等优点而逐渐在结直肠手术中得到推广,但目前对于机器人手术系统在结直肠领域的应用现状和效果并不明确。本文将从手术机器人在传统结直肠手术中应用、机器人结直肠手术新进展、机器人手术不足三方面进行综述。