Ketoprofen Versus Paracetamol in the Treatment of Acute Migraine

The efficacy and safety of ketoprofen and paracetamol were compared for the treatment of acute migraine in a randomized, double-blind study of 64 patients. Thirty-four patients received ketoprofen 100 mg intramuscularly, and 30 patients received paracetamol 500 mg intramuscularly. Partial or complete relief of pain and other symptoms was achieved 15 to 20 minutes after administration in the ketoprofen group and within 35 minutes in the paracetamol group. Complete relief of pain was achieved within 30 to 40 minutes after ketoprofen in 28 patients (82.5%) compared to 5 patients (17.5%) in the paracetamol group. Six of the patients treated with ketoprofen needed a second dose for complete relief of pain during the 4-hour follow-up period. Side effects were rare and minimal. Our findings suggest that ketoprofen produced statistically significant benefit in the treatment of acute migraine.     

A Decade of Change in Obesity Surgery

Background: The International (formerly National) Bariatric Surgery Registry began collecting data in January 1986. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the practice of surgical treatment of severe obesity that occurred during the decade of 1986 through 1995, as observed in the IBSR data. Methods: All data submitted to the IBSR during the decade were transferred to the IBM mainframe computer for analysis. Characteristics of operative type populations were compared over time using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for age, body mass index (BMI), operative weight and Chi-square (χ²) test for gender. Results: There has been a steady increase over the decade in mean patient weight. The operations used have changed from predominantly ‘simple’ operations to more frequent use of ‘complex’ operations. Within the categories of ‘simple’ and ‘complex’, an increase in the variety of operations occurred. As a group, patients with ‘simple’ operations have been heavier, more often male and public pay patients than those who have undergone ‘complex’ operations. One year weight loss was greater for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) than vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), but follow-up rates were too low to study the relative merits of the operations used. The reported incidence of operative mortality and serious complications (leak with peritonitis, abscess and pulmonary embolism) remained low. Conclusions: These observations and their implications can be summarized in three statements which relate to action for improved patient care in the beginning of the new century: (1) increasing weight of candidates for surgical treatment during this decade indicates the need for earlier use of operative treatment before irreversible complications of obesity can develop; (2) low risk of obesity surgery, decreasing postoperative hospital stay, and early weight control support the continued and increased use of surgical treatment; (3) continued widespread use of both ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ operations with increased modifications of standard RGB and VBG procedures emphasizes the need for standardized long-term data and analyses regarding both weight control and postoperative side-effects.     

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale

Abstract The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α= 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.     

A New Bracket System for Lingual Orthodontic Treatment Part 1: Theoretical Background and Development

Background and Method: This paper presents a new lingual bracket system differing fundamentally both in design and in manufacturing methods from existing appliances. Using state-of-the-art CAD/CAM technology, the two normally separate processes of bracket production and bracket positioning are fused into one unit. In this process, the demand for maximum individuality with simultaneously minimized space requirements is put consistently into practice. Results and Conclusion: Improved patient comfort, simplified rebonding in the event of bracket loss, and enhanced finishing precision are the improvements resulting for the course of treatment. In addition, bracket manufacture by a Rapid Prototyping technique permits direct transfer to clinically purposeful further developments. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Methode: In diesem Artikel wird ein neues linguales Bracketsystem vorgestellt, das sich von den bekannten Apparaturen sowohl in der Konzeption als auch in der Herstellung grundlegend unterscheidet. Die beiden gewöhnlich separat ablaufenden Prozesse der Bracketfertigung und Bracketpositionierung werden mit Hilfe moderner CAD/CAM-Technologie zur einer Einheit verschmolzen. Die Forderung nach maximaler Individualität bei gleichzeitig minimalem Platzbedarf wird dabei konsequent umgesetzt. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Verbesserter Patientenkomfort, einfacheres Nachkleben im Falle eines Bracketverlustes und präziseres Finishing sind die für den Behandlungsverlauf resultierenden Verbesserungen. Die Bracketherstellung in einem Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren ermöglicht zudem die unmittelbare Umsetzung klinisch sinnvoller Weiterentwicklungen.