Effect of pH on the wettability and fluoride release of an ion-releasing resin composite

The current study evaluated the effect of pH on the wettability and fluoride release of an ion-releasing resin composite. The contact angles and fluoride release related to both finished and non-finished surfaces were evaluated. The specimens were polymerized and either submitted to finishing procedures or left unfinished, then stored for seven days at pH levels of 5.0, 5.5 and 6.8. Contact angles were measured with two different liquids (water and glycerol) and the fluoride release of the solution was determined. The results were statistically examined by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test at p < 0.05. The data showed that there were statistically significant differences in contact angles between the finished and unfinished ion releasing resin composites, except at pH 5.0, when measured with water. The highest contact angles were found at pH 6.8, mainly in the unfinished group. The fluoride release showed the highest values in the finished group at pH levels of 5.0 and 5.5 and in the unfinished group at pH 5.5.     

CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME

Objective:To evaluate the maxillary alveolar buccal bone levels after expansion with banded and bonded expanders, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:The population sample consisted of 22 patients who required expansion during their comprehensive treatment; 10 patients (five males and five females) with a mean age of 13.5 years (CVMS 3) had bonded hygienic expanders, and 12 (six males and six females) with a mean age of 12.6 years (CVMS 3) had banded hyrax expanders. CBCT was taken both before (T1) and 6 months after last activation (T2). Measurements were made for buccal bone thickness (BT), buccal marginal bone level (MBL), and bone thickness level (BTL) at the right first molar (M_Rt), left first molar (M_Lft), right first premolar (PM_Rt), and left first premolar (PM_Lft). A mixed-design analysis of variance assessed differences between and within the groups. Post hoc t-tests were completed on significant analysis of variance results to determine where differences occurred.Results:Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between or within the two groups. BT significantly decreased horizontally following rapid maxillary expansion. The amount of bone lost was −0.59 mm M_Rt, −0.72 mm PM_Rt, −0.50 mm M_Lft, and −0.57 mm PM_Lft (P < .003).Conclusions:There was no significant difference between or within the two groups. Buccal bone loss in the vertical dimension (MBL) only showed significance in the banded group for M_Rt (0.63 mm) and PM_LFt (0.37 mm) as evidenced by the paired t-test (P < .05).     

Molar incisor hypomineralization in HIV‐infected children and adolescents

The objective was to determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among individuals between 7 and 15 years old infected or noninfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was conducted with 33 HIV‐infected individuals (study group; SG) and 66 non‐HIV‐infected schoolchildren (control group; CG), paired by gender and age. Data collection was based on medical records (SG), a questionnaire for caregivers and oral examination for diagnosis of MIH (European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria) and caries (DMFT index and ICDAS). Data were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney, chi‐square, and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression. In SG, MIH (45.5%) and caries (87.9%) had higher prevalence. MIH was associated with use of protease inhibitors in SG (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.77) and incubator need in CG (OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.71 to 9.10). HIV‐infected patients had a higher prevalence of MIH and dental caries in the permanent dentition.     

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings of developmental dysphasia: A longitudinal case study

This article presents an unusual and interesting neuropsychological and neuroimaging longitudinal study of a child who showed a relatively specific developmental language disorder in the absence of any other significant cognitive, emotional or neurological disturbance. The neuropsychological assessment included tests of intelligence, memory, language and frontal lobe functions. Our patient had a marked developmental language disorder characterized by severe impairment of oral and written language and a restricted vocabulary, even though the comprehension of both spoken and written language was relatively preserved. Moreover, his non-verbal intellectual ability was normal and he showed superior visuoconstructive and visuospatial abilities which suggested good development of right temporoparietal functions. On computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging there were no structural abnormalities in those cerebral areas concerned with language, although both neuroimaging studies did show a feasible reversed asymmetry or further atrophy on the left sylvian. It is noticeable that at age 17 a severe deficit in the expressive aspects of language remains. In contrast, visuo-constructive functions have improved. These results suggest a functional reorganization of the brain by increasing non-verbal capabilities. The prognosis in dysphasic syndromes is worse than in acquired aphasia in children, since despite speech therapy, an important language impairment persists during adulthood.