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81.
Denis O'Mullane PhD ; Helen P. Whelton PhD ; Pat Costelloe BDS David Clarke BDS ; Stephen McDermott MSc ; Jacinta McLoughlin MDS 《Journal of public health dentistry》1996,56(5):259-264
The visit of Dr. Trendley Dean to Dublin in the mid-1950s helped accelerate the decision to introduce water fluoridation as a public health measure in the prevention of caries in the Republic of Ireland. A challenge to the constitutional validity of the Health (Fluoridation of Water Supplies) Act 1960 failed and in 1964 the water supplies of Dublin city were fluoridated. Over the next seven to eight years all the major urban communities in the Republic of Ireland were fluoridated. Currently, 67 percent of the 3.5 million people in the country reside in fluoridated communities. Studies conducted over the last 20 years show that residents of fluoridated communities have better dental health than those in nonfluoridated communities—the mean dmft is lower in children and the number of natural teeth present in adults is higher. 相似文献
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85.
Interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulate growth of a virulent strain of Escherichia coli. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
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The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the growth of a virulent strain of Escherichia coli in tissue culture medium and in untreated, normal mouse serum was investigated. Both of these cytokines enhanced the growth of the microorganism two- to threefold in tissue culture medium with or without additional fetal calf serum and in untreated mouse serum. IL-4 did not have any effect on the growth of this microbe under the conditions tested. That the enhancement of growth seen with recombinant IL-2 was due to the active cytokine was shown by the following data: (i) addition of an antibody to IL-2 abrogated the growth-promoting effect; (ii) the excipient buffer, which contained everything except the active cytokine, was inactive in modifying bacterial growth; and (iii) heat-inactivated recombinant IL-2 did not promote enhanced microbial growth. The enhancement of growth with IL-2 was significant with concentrations as low as 1 U/ml. Growth of an avirulent strain of E. coli was not stimulated by IL-2. Moreover, addition of IL-2 to growth virulent E. coli in tissue culture medium led to rapid removal of the cytokine from the medium. Collectively, these data suggest that cytokines may act as growth factors for some virulent bacteria. 相似文献
86.
The diffusion of ofloxacin in infected and healthy human and rabbit eyes was investigated. In the human study, cataract surgery patients were given intravenous ofloxacin either as a single 200 or 400 mg dose or as two 400 mg infusions 12 hours apart. Samples of aqueous humor and plasma were collected between 1 and 12 hours after the end of the infusion. Levels in the anterior chamber increased with the dose; peak levels, which occurred after three hours, were 0.33 mg/l after 200 mg and 1.24 mg/l after two 200 mg doses given 12 hours apart. In the rabbit study, 16 hours after experimental infection of the left eye by injection of S. epidermidis into the vitreous, animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of 20 or 50 mg/kg ofloxacin. Dosages in the various ocular tissues showed that penetration into the eye varied with race (albinos greater than pigmented) and dose. Intraocular ofloxacin levels, including in the vitreous, increased two fold when the eye was infected; however, penetration into the sclera, choroid, and retina was comparable in infected and noninfected eyes. These findings in humans and animals suggest that ofloxacin in a dose of a least 400 mg is a useful agent for the treatment of prophylaxis of ocular infections. 相似文献
87.
Further experience with radiation therapy and concomitant intravenous chemotherapy in advanced carcinoma of the lower female genital tract 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
William S. Roberts M.D. Mitchel S. Hoffman M.D. John J. Kavanagh M.D. James V. Fiorica M.D. Harvey Greenberg M.D. Michael A. Finan M.D. Denis Cavanagh M.D. 《Gynecologic oncology》1991,43(3):233-236
Sixty-seven patients with advanced carcinoma of the lower female genital tract (cervix, vagina, and vulva) were treated with radiation and concomitant intravenous cisplatin and/or 5-fluorouracil. Fifty-seven patients (85%) responded completely clinically. Thirty-five (61%) complete responders recurred with a median time to recurrence of 6 months. Twenty-six of the thirty-five patients who recurred had some component of local failure. The 22 complete responders who have not recurred have been followed a median of 13 months. Acute toxicity was minimal, with only 6 patients requiring interruption of therapy. Nine (13%) patients developed severe late complications and eight required surgery. The actuarial 5-year survival is 22%. This treatment regimen is disappointing in terms of both survival and local control. 相似文献
88.
Human neutrophils, activated with cytokines or not, do not kill virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M Denis 《The Journal of infectious diseases》1991,163(4):919-920
89.
Y. O’Meara A. Green M. Carmody G. Doyle J. Donohoe 《Irish journal of medical science》1989,158(12):300-303
Twenty five patients with renal vasculitis presenting over an eight year period were reviewed. Ten had microscopic polyarteritis,
6 classic polyarteritis, 5 overlap syndrome, 2 Churg-Strauss syndrome and 2 Wegener’s granulomatosis. Clinical features included
hypertension, pulmonary involvement, neurological involvement and arthralgia. Serum creatinine was over 500 umol/1 in 13 patients,
10 of whom required dialysis. Visceral angiography was positive in 80% of those studied, Focal and segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis
was the commonest renal lesion. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents in most cases. Plasmapheresis
was used for rapidly progressive renal failure, severe pulmonary haemorrhage or cerebral vasculitis. Improvement or stabilisation
of renal function was seen in 68% of patients treated. There were 4 early deaths and one late death. The diagnosis, histology,
treatment and outcome of renal vasculitis is discussed. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment is emphasised in this
potentially reversible cause of acute renal failure. 相似文献
90.