全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14178篇 |
免费 | 790篇 |
国内免费 | 55篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 145篇 |
儿科学 | 386篇 |
妇产科学 | 251篇 |
基础医学 | 1810篇 |
口腔科学 | 451篇 |
临床医学 | 1164篇 |
内科学 | 3184篇 |
皮肤病学 | 385篇 |
神经病学 | 1557篇 |
特种医学 | 539篇 |
外国民族医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 1923篇 |
综合类 | 105篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 762篇 |
眼科学 | 234篇 |
药学 | 1015篇 |
中国医学 | 28篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1078篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 70篇 |
2022年 | 158篇 |
2021年 | 347篇 |
2020年 | 186篇 |
2019年 | 252篇 |
2018年 | 287篇 |
2017年 | 211篇 |
2016年 | 261篇 |
2015年 | 297篇 |
2014年 | 410篇 |
2013年 | 522篇 |
2012年 | 870篇 |
2011年 | 883篇 |
2010年 | 503篇 |
2009年 | 411篇 |
2008年 | 775篇 |
2007年 | 730篇 |
2006年 | 723篇 |
2005年 | 739篇 |
2004年 | 666篇 |
2003年 | 588篇 |
2002年 | 541篇 |
2001年 | 476篇 |
2000年 | 488篇 |
1999年 | 391篇 |
1998年 | 127篇 |
1997年 | 113篇 |
1996年 | 123篇 |
1995年 | 104篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 87篇 |
1992年 | 300篇 |
1991年 | 241篇 |
1990年 | 230篇 |
1989年 | 190篇 |
1988年 | 162篇 |
1987年 | 152篇 |
1986年 | 159篇 |
1985年 | 147篇 |
1984年 | 108篇 |
1983年 | 75篇 |
1982年 | 48篇 |
1981年 | 50篇 |
1980年 | 43篇 |
1979年 | 84篇 |
1974年 | 45篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
1972年 | 67篇 |
1971年 | 47篇 |
1968年 | 42篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Background. Port-wine stains (PWSs) are capillary malformations that usually show progressive stasis of the vascular channels and cause slow hyperplasia of the soft and hard tissues. When these lesions involve the lower lip, macrocheilia may be developed along the time. Vascular-specific lasers are not adequate to correct these three-dimensional tissue deformities, and surgical management becomes necessary, resulting in considerable morbidity and aesthetic disturbances.
Objective. To report a case of macrocheilia secondary to PWS treated by combination of surgery and carbon dioxide laser.
Methods. A 51-year-old man with macrocheilia of the lower lip and severe functional impairment, secondary to long evolution PWS, received treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization and minimal surgical correction, resulting in significant improvement of the lower lip hypertrophy, good aesthetic and functional status, and preservation of the muscular function.
Conclusions. Combined carbon dioxide laser and surgery treatment may constitute a valuable alternative in treatment of macrocheilia secondary to PWS because bleeding risk is minimized and improves the preservation of muscular function and aesthetic results in relationship to conventional surgical approaches. 相似文献
Objective. To report a case of macrocheilia secondary to PWS treated by combination of surgery and carbon dioxide laser.
Methods. A 51-year-old man with macrocheilia of the lower lip and severe functional impairment, secondary to long evolution PWS, received treatment with carbon dioxide laser vaporization and minimal surgical correction, resulting in significant improvement of the lower lip hypertrophy, good aesthetic and functional status, and preservation of the muscular function.
Conclusions. Combined carbon dioxide laser and surgery treatment may constitute a valuable alternative in treatment of macrocheilia secondary to PWS because bleeding risk is minimized and improves the preservation of muscular function and aesthetic results in relationship to conventional surgical approaches. 相似文献
62.
63.
A Camaiti E Arcangeli A Del Rosso G Federighi 《Giornale italiano di cardiologia》1992,22(11):1327-1330
A woman with "mild arterial hypertension" had a cardiogenic shock a few minutes after taking the first tablet of penbutolol. Subsequently, a suprarenal pheochromocytoma was discovered (and surgically excised, with stable recovery). 相似文献
64.
Titomanlio L Romano A Conti A Genesio R Salerno M De Brasi D Nitsch L Del Giudice E 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2004,(2):197-200
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by a variably-sized deletion of chromosome 4 involving band 4p16 whose typical craniofacial features are "Greek warrior helmet appearance" of the nose, microcephaly, and prominent glabella. Almost all patients show mental retardation and pre- and post-natal growth delay. Patient was born at term, after a pregnancy characterized by intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). Delivery was uneventful. Developmental delay was evident since the first months of life. At 2 years, he developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Because of short stature, low growth velocity and delayed bone age, at 4 years he underwent growth hormone (GH) evaluation. Peak GH after two provocative tests revealed a partial GH deficiency. Clinical observation at 7 years disclosed a distinctive facial appearance, with microcephaly, prominent eyes, and beaked nose. Brain MRI showed left temporal mesial sclerosis. GTG banded karyotype was normal. Because of mental retardation, subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed, disclosing a relatively large deletion involving 4p16.2 --> pter (about 4.5 Mb), in the proband, not present in the parents. The smallest deletion detected in a WHS patient thus far includes two candidate genes, WHSC1 and WHSC2. Interestingly, that patient did not show shortness of stature, and that could be due to the haploinsufficiency of other genes localized in the flanking regions. Contribution of GH alterations and possible GH therapy should be further considered in WHS patients. 相似文献
65.
Pelosi G Scarpa A Veronesi G Spaggiari L Del Curto B Moore PS Maisonneuve P Sonzogni A Masullo M Viale G 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2005,447(6):969-977
Nuclear translocation of β-catenin has been correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression/activation
in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Less is known on β-catenin transactivation in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and
on the status of β-catenin activating EGFR and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) or β-catenin target genes
cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). β-catenin immunoreactivity was evaluated in 51 large-cell neuroendocrine
carcinomas (LCNEC) and 45 small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). Nineteen cases were assessed for β-catenin gene exon 3 mutations, expression of MMP-7, and expression/gene amplification of EGFR, HER-2, and cyclin D1. β-catenin was
expressed in all 96 high-grade neuroendocrine tumors, the vast majority (94%) showing >50% immunopositive cells. A disarrayed
immunoreactivity, however, was commonly encountered consisting in variably altered membrane-associated patterns of staining
along with progressive accumulation of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In LCNEC, but not in SCLC, the disarrayed patterns correlated
with EGFR and HER-2 protein expression. β-catenin nuclear accumulation was found in nine tumors, including seven LCNEC and
two SCLC, and was always associated with disarrayed immunoreactivity and increased MMP-7, but not cyclin D1 expression. These
cases, however, did not show β-catenin gene mutations or EGFR and HER-2 gene amplification or expression. No association was found between nuclear β-catenin and
any clinicopathological variable including patients' survival. The subcellular compartmentalization of β-catenin is profoundly
altered in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. A minor subset of these tumors shows β-catenin nuclear accumulation
in association with increased expression of MMP-7, but not of cyclin D1, independent of EGFR and HER-2 gene amplification
or expression.
The authors have no significant financial or other relationship with the manufacturers of any commercial products or commercial
services presented in this paper 相似文献
66.
García Del Caño G Gerrikagoitia I Sarasa M Matute C Martínez-Millán L 《Journal of neurocytology》2000,29(7):509-523
Unilateral hypoglossal nerve axotomy was used as a model to analyse immunohistochemically the expression of the GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4 glutamate receptor subunits of the -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) subtype and the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype in the different morphofunctional hypoglossal pools from 1 to 45 days postaxotomy. Following hypoglossal nerve axotomy, the percentage of motoneurons that were GluR1-immunopositive and the labeling intensity for this subunit was increased in some hypoglossal pools. Immunolabeling for the GluR2 subunit was undetectable. These results contrast with the unchanged pattern for these two subunits after sciatic nerve axotomy previously described. Image analysis showed a significant decrease in the intensity of immunohistochemical labeling for the GluR2/3 and GluR4 subunits in motoneurons, although most motoneurons were still immunopositive for these 2 subunits after axotomy. The intensity of immunolabeling for the NR1 subunit was slightly decreased postlesion, whereas the percentage of NR1-immunopositive motoneurons increased. Immunoreactivity returned to basal levels 45 days postlesion. These findings show that in axotomized hypoglossal motoneurons, i) AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits are still expressed, ii) the composition of the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit pool is subjected to continuous changes during the regeneration process, iii) AMPA receptors, if functional, would have physiological properties different to those in intact motoneurons, and iv) the various AMPA receptor subunits are differentially regulated. The present results also suggest a faster recovery of basal levels of immunoreactivity for caudally localised groups of motoneurons which could reflect a caudo-rostral sequential functional revovery in the hypoglossal nucleus. 相似文献
67.
García Del Caño G Millán LM Gerrikagoitia I Sarasa M Matute C 《Journal of neurocytology》1999,28(6):455-468
The expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the motoneuronal pools of the hypoglossal nucleus was studied using specific antibodies against subunits of the -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtypes. The highest numbers of intensely immunolabelled motoneurons were found in the dorsal tier and caudoventromedial part of the hypoglossal nucleus with all antibodies except that against the GluR1 AMPA subunit. Labelling for the GluR1 subunit was weak except for caudally located groups of motoneurons which innervate tongue muscles related to respiratory activity. By contrast, most motoneurons were intensely immunostained with antibodies against GluR2/3 and GluR4 subunits of the AMPA subtype. The low staining observed using an antibody specific for the GluR2 subunit (which prevents Ca2+-entry through AMPA channels) strongly suggests that AMPA receptors in hypoglossal motoneurons are Ca2+-permeable. Immunolabelling for the GluR5/6/7 kainate receptor subunits was found in many motoneuronal somata as well as in thin axon-like profiles and puncta that resembled synaptic boutons. Most motoneurons were intensely immunostained for the NMDA receptor subunit NR1. These results show that the hypoglossal nucleus contains five heterogeneous pools of motoneurons which innervate functionally defined groups of tongue muscles. The uneven expression of the different receptor subunits analysed here could reflect diverse phenotypic properties of hypoglossal motoneurons which might be expected to generate different patterns of motor responses under different physiological or pathological conditions. 相似文献
68.
69.
Expression of actin isoforms and intermediate filament proteins in childhood orbital rhabdomyosarcomas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Cintorino C Vindigni M T Del Vecchio P Tosi R Frezzotti T Hadjistilianou P Leoncini S Silvestri O Skalli G Gabbiani 《Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology》1989,21(3):409-419
The diagnosis of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in childhood gives rise to several clinical and anatomo-pathological problems. Antibodies recognizing structural proteins and cytoskeletal components have been shown to increase the diagnostic accuracy of different neoplastic lesions. In this study we examined anatomo-clinically and, where possible, by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, a series of 14 cases of orbital RMS in childhood. In the 12 cases studied by immunohistochemistry, desmin was always present, although showing variable patterns, and alpha-sarcomeric actin was found in 10 cases. alpha-Smooth muscle actin was always absent. The other markers tested (myoglobin, polyclonal actin, vimentin and enolase) proved unreliable for several reasons. We conclude that antibodies against desmin and alpha-sarcomeric actin are useful for the diagnostic definition of RMS. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis supplies data regarding the degree of tumor differentiation and may be applied to monitor radio- and chemotherapy. 相似文献
70.
Dr. A. Conforti M. Donini G. Brocco P. Del Soldato G. Benoni L. Cuzzolin 《Inflammation research》1993,40(3-4):176-180
Diclofenac and its derivative nitrofenac were compared to test their anti-inflammatory efficacy and gastrointestinal toxicity in rats.A similar good anti-inflammatory activity of the two drugs was observed in carrageenan oedema and a marked gastrointestinal toxicity was induced by diclofenac, while nitrofenac failed to produce gastric damage even with very high doses (50 and 100 mg/kg).The lack of the gastric ulcers in rats treated with nitrofenac could be due to the absorption of the drug as an inactive inhibitor of PG synthesis and/or to the fact that probably nitric oxide is release in the intestine and plays an important protective role in maintaining the tissue integrity. 相似文献