全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4395篇 |
免费 | 218篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 62篇 |
儿科学 | 344篇 |
妇产科学 | 77篇 |
基础医学 | 353篇 |
口腔科学 | 144篇 |
临床医学 | 278篇 |
内科学 | 1367篇 |
皮肤病学 | 67篇 |
神经病学 | 273篇 |
特种医学 | 110篇 |
外科学 | 643篇 |
综合类 | 74篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 109篇 |
眼科学 | 155篇 |
药学 | 315篇 |
中国医学 | 19篇 |
肿瘤学 | 252篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 43篇 |
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 115篇 |
2019年 | 170篇 |
2018年 | 225篇 |
2017年 | 127篇 |
2016年 | 181篇 |
2015年 | 145篇 |
2014年 | 217篇 |
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 364篇 |
2011年 | 377篇 |
2010年 | 225篇 |
2009年 | 168篇 |
2008年 | 284篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 275篇 |
2005年 | 199篇 |
2004年 | 199篇 |
2003年 | 154篇 |
2002年 | 133篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4643条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
Shyamal K Das Tapas K Banerjee Atanu Biswas Trishit Roy Deepak K Raut Arijit Chaudhuri Abhijit Hazra 《Movement disorders》2007,22(14):2031-2036
An epidemiological study on dystonia has not been reported from India. As part of a major study to find out the prevalence of major neurological disorders in the large urban city of Kolkata, Eastern India, we planned to determine the prevalence of primary dystonia. The study design was a cross-sectional study of a sample population obtained through stratified random selection and conducted in a two-stage procedure of screening by a nonprofessional team followed by confirmation of screened positive cases by the study neurologist. A total population of 52,377 was screened, and 29 subjects with dystonia were diagnosed. Out of them 23 subjects had primary dystonias [crude prevalence rate (CPR), 43.91/100,000; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.41-64.81; age-standardized rates to world standard population, 49.06 (95% CI,31.74-72.41)] and all cases were focal type and predominantly of limb dystonia variety. Mean onset of dystonias were earlier in women (43.5 years) as compared to men (46.6 years). Thus our study on primary dystonia shows higher prevalence when compared with that of many studies globally, predominantly of focal type, earlier onset among women, and more cases of limb dystonias when compared with more prominent blepharospasm and cervical dystonias in western reports. 相似文献
13.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Intramedullary fat-containing benign childhood tumors of the cord include lipomas, dermoid cysts, and teratomas. These are embryonal tumors. Most intramedullary fat-containing tumors are solitary. Multiple intramedullary lipomas are rare and may represent a spinal lipomatous malformation. The presence of another intramedullary dermoid tumor in the same case is rare. PURPOSE: The intent of this case report is to look at magnetic resonance features and possible mechanisms of association of these fat-containing intramedullary tumors. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A 3-year-old male child presented with spastic quadriplegia. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine was done on a 1.5-T scanner in different planes. RESULTS: MRI showed multiple intramedullary spinal lipomas with an intramedullary dermoid involving the conus, cord atrophy, and subarachnoid fat droplets. CONCLUSION: Multiple intramedullary lipomas with an intramedullary dermoid represent a form of spinal lipomatous malformation. Both may represent embryogenic mesenchymal inclusions and hamartomatous growth, which can be accurately diagnosed with MRI. 相似文献
14.
15.
Deepak Gupta S. K. Vishwakarma 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》1989,41(1):6-8
Brain stem audiory evoked response (BAER) audiometry is a non-invasive and objective measure of a subject’s auditory function. The present paper attempts to establish normative data in Indian subjects. It was found that the BAER can detect asymptomatic high frequency hearing losses. Wave V’s threshold, latency and amplitude, along with comparisons between the auditory (subjective) and BAER threshold, are useful parameters in testing for organic and non-organic hearing disorders. 相似文献
16.
Mohan D Rao GR Swalsky PA Bakker A Martinez AJ Finkelstein SD 《Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine》2004,128(10):1161-1164
A 22-year-old man with previous radiation treatment for childhood astrocytoma underwent resection of a right parietooccipital lesion. Histopathology revealed a malignant neoplasm with areas of astrocytic and primitive neuroectodermal components. To resolve the relationship and cellular origin, representative tissue was microdissected from several targets, obtaining a balanced mixture of each element. Nonneoplastic brain parenchyma was separately microdissected to determine polymorphic marker informativeness and to serve as an internal negative control. Despite the relatively small quantity of tissue removed for each microdissection target, sufficient material was available for reliable, balanced, polymerase chain reaction-format genotyping encompassing a panel of tumor suppressor genes and genetic loci associated with these forms of neoplasia. The findings revealed distinct discordant genotypic profiles for each of the neoplastic components. The efficacy of the approach used for molecular analysis of this complex neoplasm and the implication of the genotypic findings are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Pathological and molecular progression of astrocytomas in a GFAP:12 V-Ha-Ras mouse astrocytoma model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Shannon P Sabha N Lau N Kamnasaran D Gutmann DH Guha A 《The American journal of pathology》2005,167(3):859-867
We previously characterized a genetically engineered mouse astrocytoma model with embryonic astrocyte-specific, activated 12V-Ha-RAS (GFAP-RAS) transgenesis. The GFAP-RAS line Ras-B8 appears normal at birth, but 50% of mice die by 4 months from low- and high-grade astrocytomas. We examined the development and progression of astrocytomas in the Ras-B8 genetically engineered mouse. At embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), there were no pathological differences compared to control littermates, aside from transgene expression. Diffuse astroglial hyperplasia was the first distinguishing feature in the 1-week-old Ras-B8 mice; however, these astrocytes were not transformed in vitro or in vivo. From 3 to 8 weeks the incidence of low-grade astrocytomas progressively increased with 85% of 12-week-old mice harboring low- or high-grade astrocytomas, the latter characterized by increased proliferation, nuclear atypia, and angiogenesis. Tp53 mutations were detected in both astrocytoma grades, with high-grade astrocytomas expressing elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor, plus decreased levels of PTEN and p16, similar to human astrocytomas. We postulate that expression of 12V-Ha-RAS in astroglial precursors induces astroglial hyperplasia, but transformation and subsequent progression requires additional molecular alterations resulting from aberrant activated p21-RAS. Of interest, many of these acquired alterations occur in human astrocytomas, further validating GFAP-RAS as a useful model for studying astrocytoma development and progression. 相似文献
18.
Elimination of Mcl-1 is required for the initiation of apoptosis following ultraviolet irradiation 总被引:28,自引:1,他引:28
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Genes & development》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of HeLa cells triggers an apoptotic response mediated by mitochondria. Biochemical analysis of this response revealed that the elimination of cytosolic inhibitors is required for mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and subsequent caspase activation. These inhibitors were found to be Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL, two antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Following UV treatment, Mcl-1 protein synthesis is blocked, the existing pool of Mcl-1 protein is rapidly degraded by the proteasome, and cytosolic Bcl-xL translocates to the mitochondria. These events are sequential; the elimination of Mcl-1 is required for the translocation of Bcl-xL. The disappearance of Mcl-1 is also required for other mitochondrial apoptotic events including Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. 相似文献
19.
Deshpande DA White TA Guedes AG Milla C Walseth TF Lund FE Kannan MS 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2005,32(2):149-156
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores and contributes to agonist-induced intracellular calcium elevation in airway smooth muscle (ASM). In this study we determined the functional role of CD38/cADPR signaling in the regulation of airway tone using CD38 deficient (cd38(-/-)) mice. The responsiveness to different doses of methacholine, as determined by changes in lung resistance and dynamic compliance, was significantly (P < or = 0.05) lower in cd38(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. To determine the mechanism responsible for the reduced responsiveness, we measured the intracellular calcium responses to contractile agonists in ASM cells. In ASM cells isolated from cd38(-/-) mice, the intracellular calcium responses to acetylcholine and endothelin-1 were significantly lower than in controls. Pretreatment of ASM cells with a cADPR antagonist resulted in attenuated intracellular calcium responses to endothelin-1 in cells isolated from wild-type mice, but not in those isolated from the cd38(-/-) mice. Very low cADPR levels and no detectable ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity were observed in lung tissue from cd38(-/-) mice, suggesting that CD38 is a critical source for cADPR synthesis. The results of the present study demonstrate that CD38/cADPR contributes to airway smooth muscle tone and responsiveness through its effects on agonist-induced elevation of intracellular calcium in ASM cells. 相似文献
20.