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91.
92.
Insertional inactivation of genes responsible for the D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid in Streptococcus gordonii DL1 (Challis) affects intrageneric coaggregations 下载免费PDF全文
Clemans DL Kolenbrander PE Debabov DV Zhang Q Lunsford RD Sakone H Whittaker CJ Heaton MP Neuhaus FC 《Infection and immunity》1999,67(5):2464-2474
Most human oral viridans streptococci participate in intrageneric coaggregations, the cell-to-cell adherence among genetically distinct streptococci. Two genes relevant to these intrageneric coaggregations were identified by transposon Tn916 mutagenesis of Streptococcus gordonii DL1 (Challis). A 626-bp sequence flanking the left end of the transposon was homologous to dltA and dltB of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 (formerly called Lactobacillus casei). A 60-kb probe based on this flanking sequence was used to identify the homologous DNA in a fosmid library of S. gordonii DL1. This DNA encoded D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase that was expressed in Escherichia coli from the fosmid clone. The cloned streptococcal dltA was disrupted by inserting an ermAM cassette, and then it was linearized and transformed into S. gordonii DL1 for allelic replacement. Erythromycin-resistant transformants containing a single insertion in dltA exhibited a loss of D-alanyl esters in lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and a loss of intrageneric coaggregation. This phenotype was correlated with the loss of a 100-kDa surface protein reported previously to be involved in mediating intrageneric coaggregation (C. J. Whittaker, D. L. Clemans, and P. E. Kolenbrander, Infect. Immun. 64:4137-4142, 1996). The mutants retained the parental ability to participate in intergeneric coaggregation with human oral actinomyces, indicating the specificity of the mutation in altering intrageneric coaggregations. The mutants were altered morphologically and exhibited aberrant cell septa in a variety of pleomorphs. The natural DNA transformation frequency was reduced 10-fold in these mutants. Southern analysis of chromosomal DNAs from various streptococcal species with the dltA probe revealed the presence of this gene in most viridans streptococci. Thus, it is hypothesized that D-alanyl LTA may provide binding sites for the putative 100-kDa adhesin and scaffolding for the proper presentation of this adhesin to mediate intrageneric coaggregation. 相似文献
93.
94.
DV Kleinman 《Oral diseases》1997,3(Z1):S7-S12
OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews the themes emerging from reports of the many social, economic and political effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on individuals, nations and the world. The impact of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic has been felt in every facet of society. APPROACH: The impact of the epidemic is described in five areas: (1) challenges and changes to traditional public health approaches to infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases; (2) adjustments to ‘standard’ clinical research and drug regulatory practices; (3) emphasis on the importance of personal behaviors and behavioral approaches in controlling the epidemic; (4) revealing the complexity of and recognizing the need to monitor the impacts of HIV/AIDS; and (5) highlighting the difficulties of, and need for, the international responsiveness to address HIV/AIDS. The oral health community's response to the epidemic is briefly described. CONCLUSIONS: Although in its second decade, the epidemic is still in its early stages of evolution. The challenges lie in the development and perpetual evolution of strategies to respond to the epidemic locally while thinking and acting globally. The international oral health community is one of many that has played and must continue to play an active role in a multi-disciplinary effort needed to curb this epidemic. 相似文献
95.
目的:评价组织多普勒显像(TDI)测定的左右心室长轴方向局部收缩参数在判断扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者预后方面的价值。方法:对48例DCM患者进行常规超声和组织多普勒检查的长期随访。根据预后将患者分为两组:A组为病情加重组(发生各种心脏事件:死亡、心脏移植或因心力衰竭加重住院治疗)21例,B组为病情稳定组(心功能保持稳定或者改善)27例。用TDI方式于心尖四腔观分别检测两组患者左室侧壁(L)、室间隔(S)和右室侧壁(R)的瓣环处(1)、乳头肌水平(3)和二者中点(2)的等容收缩期速度(is)、射血期速度(ez)和左右心室侧壁处的二、三尖瓣环的位移,检测结果进行组间比较,并与患者预后进行相关性分析。结果:TDI检测的A组的R3is、S2ez、S1is、S1ez、L2ez、L1is、右室侧壁三尖瓣位移均低于B组(P均〈0.05),并且对判断DCM患者预后有较高的敏感性和特异性。结论:TDI检测左右心室收缩速度能较准确地判断DCM患者的预后。 相似文献
96.
AD Luber DV Condoluci PD Slowinski M Andrews K Olson CA Peloquin KA Pappa GE Pakes 《HIV medicine》2010,11(3):193-199
Objective
An open‐label, three‐period pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate the drug interaction potential between fosamprenavir (FPV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).Methods
Thirty‐six healthy subjects received TDF 300 mg once daily (qd) for 7 days (period 1), and then were randomized to 14 days of either FPV 1400 mg twice daily (bid) or FPV/ritonavir (RTV) 700/100 mg bid alone or with TDF (period 2). Subjects continued their randomized dose of FPV for 14 more days, adding or removing TDF based upon its receipt in period 2 (period 3). Twenty‐four‐hour pharmacokinetic sampling was carried out on day 7 of period 1 and on day 14 of periods 2 and 3. Steady‐state plasma amprenavir (APV) and tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetics were assessed by noncompartmental analysis and parameter values observed with each regimen were compared using geometric mean ratios with 90% confidence intervals.Results
After TDF coadministration, APV geometric mean minimum concentration (Cmin), maximum concentration (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) increased by 31, 3 and 7% above values observed with unboosted FPV alone; they also increased by 31, 4 and 16% above values observed with FPV/RTV alone. TFV Cmin, Cmax and AUC decreased by 12, 25 and 15% after FPV coadministration and by 9, 18 and 7% after FPV/RTV coadministration. No significant changes in RTV pharmacokinetics were observed. No differences were noted in adverse events among dosing periods.Conclusions
In this evaluation of the interaction between FPV and TDF, increases in APV exposures and modest decreases in TFV exposures were observed. These were unlikely to be clinically significant.97.
Moisenovich MM Pustovalova O Shackelford J Vasiljeva TV Druzhinina TV Kamenchuk YA Guzeev VV Sokolova OS Bogush VG Debabov VG Kirpichnikov MP Agapov II 《Biomaterials》2012,33(15):3887-3898
One of the major tasks of tissue engineering is to produce tissue grafts for the replacement or regeneration of damaged tissue, and natural and recombinant silk-based polymer scaffolds are promising candidates for such grafts. Here, we compared two porous scaffolds made from different silk proteins, fibroin of Bombyx mori and a recombinant analog of Nephila clavipes spidroin 1 known as rS1/9, and their biocompatibility and degradation behavior in vitro and in vivo. The vascularization and intergrowth of the connective tissue, which was penetrated with nerve fibers, at 8 weeks after subcutaneous implantation in Balb/c mice was more profound using the rS1/9 scaffolds. Implantation of both scaffolds into bone defects in Wistar rats accelerated repair compared to controls with no implanted scaffold at 4 weeks. Based on the number of macrophages and multinuclear giant cells in the subcutaneous area and the number of osteoclasts in the bone, regeneration was determined to be more effective after the rS1/9 scaffolds were implanted. Microscopic examination of the morphology of the matrices revealed differences in their internal microstructures. In contrast to fibroin-based scaffolds, the walls of the rS1/9 scaffolds were visibly thicker and contained specific micropores. We suggest that the porous inner structure of the rS1/9 scaffolds provided a better micro-environment for the regenerating tissue, which makes the matrices derived from the recombinant rS1/9 protein favorable candidates for future in vivo applications. 相似文献
98.
A 12 year old Asian girl with a four year history of poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus developed overt diabetic nephropathy. There were no clinical features of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. Screening for microalbuminuria would have identified incipient diabetic nephropathy and highlighted the importance of good glycaemic control. Although screening for microalbuminuria is recommended after five years from diagnosis, it may be appropriate to undertake this annually in those with poor glycaemic control. 相似文献
99.
S Wuest L Raio D Wyssmueller MD Mueller W Stadlmayr DV Surbek A Kuhn 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》2009,116(9):1204-1209
Objective The primary aim of this study was to determine the desires and wishes of pregnant patients vis-à-vis their external genital anatomy after female genital mutilation (FGM) in the context of antenatal care and delivery in a teaching hospital setting in Switzerland.
Our secondary aim was to determine whether women with FGM and non-mutilated women have different fetal and maternal outcomes.
Design A retrospective case–control study.
Setting A teaching hospital.
Population One hundred and twenty-two patients after FGM who gave consent to participate in this study and who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the University Hospital of Berne and 110 controls.
Methods Data for patients' wishes concerning their FGM management, their satisfaction with the postpartum outcome and intrapartum and postpartum maternal and fetal data. As a control group, we used a group of pregnant women without FGM who delivered at the same time and who were matched for maternal age.
Main outcome measures Patients' satisfaction after delivery and defibulation after FGM, maternal and fetal delivery data and postpartum outcome measures.
Results Six percent of patients wished to have their FGM defibulated antenatally, 43% requested a defibulation during labour, 34% desired a defibulation during labour only if considered necessary by the medical staff and 17% were unable to express their expectations. There were no differences for FGM patients and controls regarding fetal outcome, maternal blood loss or duration of delivery. FGM patients had significantly more often an emergency Caesarean section and third-degree vaginal tears, and significantly less first-degree and second-degree tears.
Conclusion An interdisciplinary approach may support optimal antenatal and intrapartum management and also the prevention of FGM in newborn daughters. 相似文献
Our secondary aim was to determine whether women with FGM and non-mutilated women have different fetal and maternal outcomes.
Design A retrospective case–control study.
Setting A teaching hospital.
Population One hundred and twenty-two patients after FGM who gave consent to participate in this study and who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the University Hospital of Berne and 110 controls.
Methods Data for patients' wishes concerning their FGM management, their satisfaction with the postpartum outcome and intrapartum and postpartum maternal and fetal data. As a control group, we used a group of pregnant women without FGM who delivered at the same time and who were matched for maternal age.
Main outcome measures Patients' satisfaction after delivery and defibulation after FGM, maternal and fetal delivery data and postpartum outcome measures.
Results Six percent of patients wished to have their FGM defibulated antenatally, 43% requested a defibulation during labour, 34% desired a defibulation during labour only if considered necessary by the medical staff and 17% were unable to express their expectations. There were no differences for FGM patients and controls regarding fetal outcome, maternal blood loss or duration of delivery. FGM patients had significantly more often an emergency Caesarean section and third-degree vaginal tears, and significantly less first-degree and second-degree tears.
Conclusion An interdisciplinary approach may support optimal antenatal and intrapartum management and also the prevention of FGM in newborn daughters. 相似文献
100.
The article deals with endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery, which has gained great interest among the modem trends of neurosurgery. Application of extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches significantly advances capabilities of transsphenoidal surgery. Pituitary adenomas and some other sellar tumors which traditionally require transcranial procedure now can be removed via endonasal route. 相似文献