CONSTANT ABSOLUTE ETHANOL INTAKE BY SARDINIAN ALCOHOL-PREFERRING RATS INDEPENDENT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATIONS

The present study was designed to evaluate ethanol drinkingbehaviour in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Sardinianalcohol-non-preferring (sNP) rats in the presence of differentethanol concentrations. Ethanol intake was tested under thetwo-bottle, free-choice regimen and continuous access schedule.Ethanol-naive sP and sNP rats were initially given ethanol solutionat the standard, constant concentration of 10% (v/v) for 8 consecutivedays (Phase 1). As expected, daily ethanol intake in sP ratsrose from 4 to {small tilde}l6g/kg; in contrast sNP rats consumed<10g/kg/day ethanol. Subsequently, an ascending series ofethanol concentrations, ranging from 3 to 60% (v/v), was presentedto sP and sNP rats over a 28-day period (Phase 2). At concentrationsvarying from 7 to 30%, sP rats consumed constant amounts ofabsolute ethanol per kg of body weight ({small tilde}6.0 g/kg/day).Daily ethanol intake in sNP rats remained constantly lower than1.0 g/kg, irrespective of the ethanol concentration. Data fromPhase 2 demonstrate the ability of sP rats to precisely adjustdaily ethanol intake and support the hypothesis that voluntaryethanol drinking in sP rats is sustained by specific pharmacologicaleffects of ethanol.     

Occult breast cancer: prevalence and radiographic detectability

The radiographic detectability of occult breast cancer has been difficult to determine. A prospective study of breast disease was carried out that involved the performance of subcutaneous mastectomies in 519 consecutive cases of traumatic or initially unexplained death in New Mexico. Routine mammograms and radiographs of 1-cm specimens were obtained. At least 18 biopsies were performed in each subject. Carcinoma was identified in ten subjects; one subject had metastatic carcinoma from the lung, and two subjects had bilateral breast cancer, for a total of 11 breast cancers identified with microscopic examination. Two of the cancers were seen on whole-breast mammograms, and six were seen on radiographs of thin-section specimens. Four of the 11 breast cancers were apparent only on histologic study of breast tissue that was not suggestive of malignancy. No cancer was found in subjects under the age of 39 years. Five carcinomas were found in the 40-69-year age group; six were found in the 70-year and over age group. No correlation was noted between the radiographic Wolfe parenchymal patterns and the prevalence of breast cancer.     

异体脱细胞组织补片修复即刻牙种植软组织创面的临床研究

目的 评价异体脱细胞组织补片（又称异体脱细胞真皮基质补片，简称补片）修复即刻牙种植创面的临床疗效。方法 应用异体脱细胞组织补片修复51例患者、67个牙位的即刻种植后口腔黏膜缺损创面，将补片的基底面向上，覆盖于种植体及牙槽嵴上，并插入黏骨膜瓣下，碘仿纱包或预成基托固定。术后随访4～6个月，对口腔补片修复创面的愈合情况及组织病理结果观察。种植体骨结合情况随访6个月～4年。结果 术后创面完全封闭愈合54个牙位，部分封闭愈合11个牙位，未封闭愈合2个牙位。无排斥反应。经4～6个月后组织病理检查补片已完全黏膜上皮化，67颗种植体情况经1年观察，无一例失败。结论 异体脱细胞组织补片具有良好的即刻种植创面封闭作用，不影响种植体与骨的结合，且具有手术创伤小、修复美学效果好等优点，可以作为牙即刻种植创面的修复材料。     

Effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist given during combination chemotherapy on posttherapy fertility in male patients with lymphoma: preliminary observations

Six men undergoing potentially curative chemotherapy for advanced lymphomas received daily injections (50 micrograms) of an analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RHa) in an attempt to protect posttreatment gonadal function. The median duration of combined LH-RHa- chemotherapy administration was 25 weeks (range, 14 to 31 weeks). During the simultaneous administration of LH-RHa and chemotherapy, plasma testosterone levels decreased to subnormal levels, while both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone levels declined to the lower limit of normal. All subjects became oligospermic or azoospermic within eight weeks of starting treatment. Following discontinuation of chemotherapy and LH-RHa, both plasma testosterone and LH promptly increased and stabilized within the normal range. FSH progressively increased to a level well above the normal range. Only one patient has recovered evidence of active spermatogenesis at 84 weeks postcessation of chemotherapy. No untoward side effects due to LH- RHa were experienced. Although LH-RHa can be administered safely during combination chemotherapy, no improvement in posttreatment fertility has yet been demonstrated.     

Radionuclide thyroid studies: a survey of practice in the United States in 1981. Special report

A survey was conducted to determine the radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclide imaging methods used for thyroid studies in the U.S. in 1981. The final sample, made up of 299 hospitals, was taken from a random sample consisting of 10% (337) of U.S. hospitals performing nuclear medicine studies. The survey showed that over one half of thyroid scans were obtained with Tc-99m pertechnetate and over one half of uptake studies were performed with I-131. Uptake determinations accompanied 78% of scans. Only 8% of the uptake studies were performed without scans. I-123 was more commonly used on the west coast and in the northeast, and there was interest in a more readily available and less expensive supply of I-123. Thyroid studies accounted for 6.7% of all nuclear imaging procedures. Approximately 7,760,000 nuclear medicine imaging procedures were performed in the U.S. in 1981.     

REDUCTION OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL INTAKE IN ETHANOL-PREFERRING sP RATS BY THE CANNABINOID ANTAGONIST SR-141716

The present study assessed the efficacy of the cannabinoid CB₁receptor antagonist, SR-141716, in reducing voluntary ethanolintake in selectively bred Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP)rats. Ethanol (10%, v/v) and food were available in daily 4hscheduled access periods; water was present 24 h/day. The acuteadministration of a 2.5 and a 5 mg/kg dose of SR-141716 selectivelyreduced ethanol intake, whereas a 10 mg/kg dose of SR-141716reduced to a similar extent both ethanol and food intake. Theseresults suggest that the cannabinoid CB₁ receptor is involvedin the mediation of the ethanol-reinforcing effects in sP rats.